Abstract：
:Erythema Nodosum Leprosum (ENL) occurs due to the immunological complication of multibacillary leprosy and is characterized by painful nodules and systemic compromising. It is usually recurrent and/or chronic and has both physical and economic impact on the patient, being a very important cause of disability. In addition, ENL is a major health problem in countries where leprosy is endemic. Therefore, adequate control of this condition is important. The management of ENL aims to control acute inflammation and neuritis and prevent the onset of new episodes. However, all currently available treatment modalities have one or two drawbacks and are not effective for all patients. Corticosteroid is the anti-inflammatory of choice in ENL but may cause dependence, especially for chronic patients. Thalidomide has a rapid action but its use is limited due the teratogenicity and neurotoxicity. Clofazimine and pentoxifylline have slow action and have important adverse effects. Finally, there is no pattern or guidelines for treating these patients, becoming more difficult to evaluate and to control this condition. This review aims to show the main drugs used in the treatment of ENL and the challenges in the management of the reaction.
journal_name
Acta Tropjournal_title
Acta tropicaauthors
Costa PDSS,Fraga LR,Kowalski TW,Daxbacher ELR,Schuler-Faccini L,Vianna FSLdoi
10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.026subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
134-141eissn
0001-706Xissn
1873-6254pii
S0001-706X(17)31116-6journal_volume
183pub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
ACTA TROPICA文献大全abstract：:Cameroon lacks the capacity for routine Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) diagnosis, thus, the prevalence of Cameroonian exposure to this microbe is unknown. It is known that Pneumocystis infecting different mammalian host species represent diverse phylogenetic backgrounds and are now designated as separate species. The hi...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.07.030
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Free Living Amoebae (FLA) of Acanthamoeba genus are widely distributed in the environment and can be found in the air, soil and water; and have also been isolated from air-conditioning units. In humans, they are causative agents of a sight-threating infection of the cornea, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) and a fatal infe...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.10.006
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Heme (iron protoporphyrin IX) is an important molecule involved in many biological reactions, including oxygen transport, respiration, photosynthesis and drug detoxification. Trypanosoma cruzi parasites, the etiological agent of Chagas' disease, take up heme from the environment to supply their nutritional needs becau...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.08.011
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of Babesia ovis sporozoites in salivary gland cells of the vector tick Rhipicephalus bursa was studied by electron microscopy. The kinetics of B. ovis were found lying intracellularly on the second day after infestation (a.i.) of the ticks. The parasites enlarged rapidly losing all features of the motile...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leishmania (Mundinia) orientalis is a newly described species causing human leishmaniasis in Thailand whose natural vector is unknown. L. orientalis infections in sand flies and/or biting midges under laboratory conditions have not been previously investigated. In this study, the development of L. orientalis in two ex...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105157
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fish borne trematodes are an important cause of morbidity in Kazakhstan. The number of human cases of opisthorchiidosis (infection with parasites of the family opisthorchiidae) reached a peak of 2521 recorded cases (17 cases per 100,000) in 2002 with a gradual decline to 1225 cases (7.4 cases per 100,000) in 2011. Mos...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.030
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Houseflies (Musca domestica) spend part of their life development on animal or human manure. Manure is high in pathogenic microbes; thus, houseflies have been known as a mechanical vector for various important zoonotic diseases. Therefore, the present study showcases captured houseflies from intensive swine production...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.024
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the pattern of infection of Glossina pallidipes with Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense at a site in the Coast region of eastern Tanzania, studied between November 1993 and December 1994. Of the 2315 flies dissected 114 (4.9%) were T. congolense positive, 77 (3.3%) were T. vivax positive and 2 (0.1%) were T...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-706x(98)00013-8
更新日期：1998-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Cattle were exposed to natural trypanosome challenge in an area of high Glossina density (Samandéni, Burkina Faso) for various periods of time during 1982, 1983, 1984 and 1985. All of 30 Zebu proved to be sensitive to trypanosomiasis i.e. they died or were treated in extremis in 10 +/- 4 weeks. Twenty-one (31%) Baoulé...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies on in vitro skin permeation and in vivo anti-leishmanial activity in mice experimentally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) major pointed out to the potential of a new paromomycin (PA) formulation (hydrophilic gel) for treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). In this study, the activity of this formulatio...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2004.10.007
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to characterize the first dengue fever epidemic in Várzea Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil, and its spatial and spatio-temporal distribution in order to assess the association of socioeconomic factors with dengue occurrence. We used autochthonous dengue cases confirmed in a 2007 epidemic, the first reporte...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.01.005
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human cytochrome P450 2C8 is a highly polymorphic gene and shows variation according to ethnicity. The CYP2C8*2 is a slow drug metabolism allele and shows 10-24% frequency in Black populations. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of CYP2C8*2 allele in Botswana among the San (or Bushmen) and the Ba...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.028
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We focused on the epidemiology of alveolar echinococcosis especially in Japan and discussed control measures to prevent an epidemic. No effective control measures against alveolar echinococcosis have been identified thus far because it is difficult to fully understand the ecology of the parasite and its hosts, i.e. th...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2003.09.001
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence and associated risk factors for Giardia duodenalis in canine and human populations in Temple communities of Bangkok, Thailand were determined by evaluating three common diagnostic methods utilised to detect Giardia, namely zinc sulphate flotation and microscopy, an immunofluoresence antibody test and ne...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.03.006
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Erythrocyte survival was studied in 17 Thai patients (10 males, 7 females; aged 13-57 years) with severe falciparum malaria. To ensure radioisotopic labelling of cells before bone marrow recovery and survival analysis under near-steady state conditions, 51Cr labelling of autologous erythrocytes was performed at the ti...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0001-706x(91)90014-b
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development and persistence of antibodies to Orientia tsutsugamushi in Rattus rattus and laboratory mice following infection from the bite of naturally infected Leptotrombidium deliense is reported. Antibodies in R. rattus were first detected using an indirect immunoperoxidase method 2 weeks after attachment of an...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00144-3
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anthelmintic activity of 11 benzimidazole derivatives (A1-A11) and 2 thioureides N,N'-disubstituted (B1-B2) was determined. Each compound and albendazole was tested in vitro against Toxocara canis larvae and in vivo against Hymenolepis nana adult. Compounds A1-A6 and B1-B2 were designed as albendazole prodrugs. Co...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2008.11.014
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schistosomiasis is a snail-transmitted infectious disease caused by a long lasting infection with a blood fluke of the genus Schistosoma. S. haematobium and S. mansoni are the species endemic in Egypt. The country has been plagued and seriously suffered from schistosomiasis over the past 5000 years. Great strides had ...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.005
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Giardiasis is an intestinal parasitosis that affects millions of people worldwide and is considered a zoonotic disease. Frequently in contact with humans, dogs are the main host involved in this zoonotic transmission. Here, we compared some aspects of Giardia duodenalis biology between two strains: a recently isolated...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.002
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have retrospectively studied the seroprevalence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Guinea-Bissau in a sample of sera collected from the whole country in 1980. We tested a total of 1248 individuals and found 11 individuals who were seropositive for HIV-2 but there were no HIV-1 seropositive samples. The me...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00096-6
更新日期：2000-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:Cardiac involvement represents the main cause of mortality among patients with Chagas disease, and the relevance of trypanocidal treatment to improving diastolic dysfunction is still doubtful. In the present study, we used a canine model infected with the benznidazole-sensitive Berenice-78 Trypanosoma cruzi strain to ...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.007
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chewing lice (Mallophaga) are common parasites of different animals. Most of them infest terrestrial and marine birds, including pigeons, doves, swans, cormorants and penguins. Mallophaga have not been found on marine mammals but only on terrestrial ones, including livestock and pets. Their bites damage cattle, sh...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.05.031
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibodies to the variable antigen type (VAT) designated LiTat 1.3 are common in sera from parasitologically confirmed patients with gambian sleeping sickness. For this reason, LiTat 1.3 has been considered a suitable antigen for detecting Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0001-706x(92)90054-2
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Dengue incidence has grown dramatically around the world in recent years. Vector control is the only method to reduce dengue incidence due to the lack of a vaccine available. By understanding the factors contributed to the vector densities such as environmental and sociological factors, dengue prevention and...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.105834
更新日期：2021-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:The most important mechanism for combating infection using larval therapy depends on larval excretions and secretions (ES). The present work was aimed at evaluating Sarconesiopsis magellanica (Diptera: Calliphoridae) ES antibacterial activity in six bacterial strains (three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and c...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.04.018
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four techniques for the detection and quantification of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae in peripheral blood were compared, namely the conventional thick smear, thick films prepared by cytocentrifugation, filtration of blood through polycarbonate membranes, and density gradient centrifugation followed by membrane fil...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vector control of Chagas disease in the past decades has been mainly based on chemical control. Fundación Mundo Sano is implementing an Integral Chagas Program in a rural area of the Argentinean Gran Chaco Region since 2002. The objective of this study was to analyze both, temporal and spatial variation of infestation...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.08.025
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Existing data on human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense among children are limited. Here, we described the demographic, clinical, diagnostic, treatment and outcome characteristics of HAT in pre-school children from Kajo-Keji County, South Sudan in comparison with older patien...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A parasitological survey was conducted among children and adolescents in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Brazil to describe the occurrence and spatial distribution of lymphatic filariasis. Microfilaraemia was investigated through the thick smear technique, using 50 μl of capillary blood that was collected...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human alveolar and cystic echinococcosis, caused by the accidental ingestion of eggs of the tapeworms Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato, respectively, are endemic in Asia. Various Echinococcus species are maintained in domesticated and/or wild mammals through predator-prey interactions...
journal_title：Acta tropica
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.07.013
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
