Abstract:
:This literature review addressed four questions. (1) In which populations other than cerebral palsy (CP) has the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) been applied? (2) In what types of study, and why was it used? (3) How was it modified to facilitate these applications? (4) What justifications and evidence of psychometric adequacy were used to support its application? A search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases (January 1997 to April 2017) using the terms: 'GMFCS' OR 'Gross Motor Function Classification System' yielded 2499 articles. 118 met inclusion criteria and reported children/adults with 133 health conditions/clinical descriptions other than CP. Three broad GMFCS applications were observed: as a categorization tool, independent variable, or outcome measure. While the GMFCS is widely used for children with health conditions/clinical description other than CP, researchers rarely provided adequate justification for these uses. We offer recommendations for development/validation of other condition-specific classification systems and discuss the potential need for a generic gross motor function classification system. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS:The Gross Motor Function Classification System should not be used outside cerebral palsy or as an outcome measure. The authors provide recommendations for development and validation of condition-specific or generic classification systems.
journal_name
Dev Med Child Neuroljournal_title
Developmental medicine and child neurologyauthors
Towns M,Rosenbaum P,Palisano R,Wright FVdoi
10.1111/dmcn.13602subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-02-01 00:00:00pages
147-154issue
2eissn
0012-1622issn
1469-8749journal_volume
60pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:AIM:To investigate the spectrum and relationships between gait patterns and motor function in a population-based cross study of children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD:Children identified with unilateral CP born in Victoria, Australia, from 1990 to 1992 were eligible to participate. Characteristics were r...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03878.x
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impaired airway clearance leads to recurrent chest infections and respiratory deterioration in neuromuscular weakness. It is frequently the cause of death. Cough is the major mechanism of airway clearance. Cough has several components, and assessment tools are available to measure the different components of cough. Th...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03260.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesions composed of Pacinian corpuscles or showing Pacinian corpuscle differentiation have usually been described in relation to benign tumours of the peripheral nervous system or reactive hyperplastic processes. On the other hand, mature Pacinian corpuscles have occasionally been detected as part of intraspinal lumbo...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0012162206002180
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progressive calcification of the brain and the spinal cord at early infantile onset was observed in two siblings. They showed growth failure, psychomotor deterioration, deafness, vestibular dysfunction, microcytic hypochromic anemia, abnormal ratios of lymphocyte subpopulations, and slightly decreased bicarbonate on b...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07410.x
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preterm infants are at high risk for developmental impairments at school age. However, the impact of these impairments on important life skills, such as handwriting, is unknown. Forty-eight first-grade children (27 males, 21 females; mean age 6y 7mo, SD 3.9mo; range 6y 1mo to 7y 3mo) born preterm (birthweight < 1250g;...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0012162205000307
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical course and outcome of eight term infants with intracranial hemorrhage are reported. Before computerized tomography became available, term infants with intracranial hemorrhage were usually diagnosed only at autopsy and the hemorrhage was associated with a trauamtic birth or severe asphyxia. In contrast, si...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1979.tb01694.x
更新日期:1979-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitofusin 2, a large transmembrane GTPase located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, promotes membrane fusion and is involved in the maintenance of the morphology of axonal mitochondria. Mutations of the gene encoding mitofusin 2 (MFN2) have recently been identified as the cause of approximately one-third of dominan...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2010.03613.x
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The thyroid function and health status of 101 children with Down syndrome were assessed annually for five years. One child had congenital hypothyroidism at entry to the study. During the study period, eight more developed compensated hypothyroidism. Five of 10 children with compensated hypothyroidism still had the con...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11660.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neural reuse is the process by which neural elements originally developed for one purpose are put to many different subsequent uses. In this brief review I will outline the role of neural reuse in the development of the brain. Special attention will be paid to elucidating and differentiating between two different mech...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/dmcn.13039
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the development of a new diagnostic motor performance test to spare more children from painful muscle biopsy, seven functional items were used to measure muscle strength and muscle endurance in a prospective study on new patients. Over a 2-year period, 22 patients (12 males, 10 females; mean age 8y 1mo [SD 2y 6mo],...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0012162206001587
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Quantitative analyses of cross-sectional areas of the thalami, caudate nuclei, and lentiform nuclei were performed in 29 preterm infants (16 males, 13 females; mean age 29.6 weeks, age range 27 to 24 weeks,) with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). MRI was carried out in the infants between 9 and 18 months of correcte...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0012162201000883
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this study was to describe trends in prevalence, subtypes, and severity among children with cerebral palsy (CP) born moderately preterm (MPT; (gestational age 32-36 wks) or at moderately low birthweight (MLBW; 1500-2499 g) in Europe. METHOD:We conducted trend analyses of data from 903 children with CP b...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04079.x
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in young people with intellectual disabilities. METHOD:A systematic literature search was performed on 10 databases. Studies in press or published in English in a peer-reviewed journal were include...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1111/dmcn.14023
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cisapride was used to treat gastro-oesophageal reflux in seven children with neurodevelopmental disorders and in 15 children who were neurologically normal. 24-hour lower-oesophageal pH monitoring was carried out before and after treatment. The neurologically normal group had a statistically significant decrease after...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1990.tb08547.x
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The purpose of this study was to assess the relation of perinatal risk factors with later development of specific language impairment (SLI). METHOD:In a case-control study, 179 children attending special needs schools for SLI were matched with non-affected children attending mainstream schools. Both groups consist...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dmcn.12133
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to move two fingers at the same time was measured in young and older adults. This study measured the accuracy with which 45 normally developing children (23 boys, 22 girls; mean ages 8.4 and 8.3 years respectively) and 49 young adults (25 males, 24 females; mean ages 19.8 and 20.5 years respectively) could...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0012162201001906
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A child with Joubert syndrome (episodic hyperpnoea, abnormal eye-movements and ataxia) was followed from birth to eight years of age. Although severe mental retardation was suspected until approximately five years of age, unexpected and exceptional mental capacities were evident at later follow-up. Adequate testing an...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1990.tb16933.x
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare disorder of metabolism caused by a defective gene on the X chromosome. It is typically characterized by choreoathetosis, hypertonia, hyperreflexia, and self-mutilation. The present study is a 4-year follow-up investigation of the cognitive status of six subjects with a mean age of ...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0012162299000547
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main aim of the study was to explore the ability of a brief developmental assessment to predict teacher-rated learning and attentional and behavioural skills in the first grade of school at both the group and individual levels. A sample of 394 children (181 males, 213 females) aged 4 years were followed to the age...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03290.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) is increasingly being used in early management of spasticity in ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP), with the aim of improving function, promoting muscle growth, and delaying the need for surgical intervention. However, there is a lack of evidence about the long-term outcome of BTX-A i...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0012162205001453
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A case of theophylline neurotoxicity in a three-month-old infant is reported. Prolonged focal seizures with secondary generalization resulted in hemiparesis and developmental retardation, and CT demonstrated cerebral hemiatrophy. Later the infant developed recurrent focal and atonic convulsions, which were refractory ...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1985.tb03775.x
更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of functional gait training on walking ability in children and young adults with cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD:The review was conducted using standardized methodology, searching four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science) for rel...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1111/dmcn.13708
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To examine cross-sectional differences in patterns of daily physical activity accumulation between preschool children at risk for developmental coordination disorder (DCD) compared to typically developing children. METHOD:In total, 514 children (292 males, 222 females; 4-5y) were recruited as part of the Coordinat...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dmcn.14237
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to traditional neurophysiological theory, consciousness requires neocortical functioning, and children born without cerebral hemispheres necessarily remain indefinitely in a developmental vegetative state. Four children between 5 and 17 years old are reported with congenital brain malformations involving tot...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0012162299000821
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examined whether children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP) have anticipatory control of fingertip forces during lifts of familiar objects, and what type of practice (blocked or random) best enhances the retention of anticipatory control during lifts of novel objects. Eighteen children with hemiplegic CP ...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1017/s0012162203001397
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To compare neurophysiological parameters of central nervous system excitability in healthy children/adolescents with those of healthy adults. METHOD:Two experimental protocols were used in 19 healthy children/adolescents (10 males and 9 females, mean age 9y 11mo [SD 2y 9mo], range 5-15y) and 19 healthy adults (8 m...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/dmcn.13072
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) injections were used in the treatment of lower-limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Anecdotal evidence suggests a reduction in pain after this treatment in children who had pain localized to a displaced hip joint. We report on our current clinical practice. METHOD:T...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2009.03315.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::An unusual presentation of biotinidase deficiency is described. The disorder classically presents in infancy or early childhood with intractable seizures, hypotonia, ataxia, hearing loss, dermatitis, and alopecia. A 5-year-old girl developed acute visual loss associated with optic atrophy, and disturbance of gait with...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1997.tb07552.x
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::AIM This prospective multicenter study assessed performance and changes over time, with and without surgical intervention, in the modified Timed Up and Go (mTUG) and One-Minute Walk tests (1MWT) in children with bilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Minimum clinically important differences (MCIDs) were established for these ...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/dmcn.12325
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper reports a total population-based cohort study of over 500 surviving children born in 1974, 1975 and 1976, who were identified as having been a low birthweight (less than 200g). The prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP) diagnosed by age six years was compared for groups who had various antenatal and perinatal at...
journal_title:Developmental medicine and child neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00