Abstract:
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The genus Hoya (Apocynaceae; Asclepiadoideae) is characterized by a set of complex floral characters unique among the asclepiads, but their role in pollination is poorly understood. Here, we report a new mechanism of asclepiad pollination in the wax plant Hoya carnosa: the pollinaria are transferred on the legs of medium or large settling moths. METHODS:Floral visitors and their behavior were observed on Amami-Oshima Island during 2013-2015, and the efficacy of different pollinators was determined by counting the pollinarium loads on different flower visitors. The floral characters were studied to establish the process of pollination in relation to pollinator behavior on the flower. KEY RESULTS:Hoya carnosa was visited by various settling moths at night, but pollinia attachment was confirmed predominantly on the legs of the large moth Erebus ephesperis (Noctuidae) and less frequently on the legs of the medium-sized moths Bastilla arcuata (Crambidae) and Cleora injectaria (Geometridae). The moths walked around and searched for nectar on the inflorescence, and the corpusculum became clipped to the arolia (adhesive pads on moth tarsi) as they stepped on the pollinaria between the staminal corona. The downward spherical inflorescence of aggregated flowers with flat, velvety petals and a slippery corona provides restricted footholds for the visitors, which efficiently leads pollinator legs to the pollinaria. CONCLUSIONS:Although the pollination system of Hoya is largely unknown, pollination by insect legs may be a major pollination system in this genus because these basic floral characters are shared among many species.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Mochizuki K,Furukawa S,Kawakita Adoi
10.3732/ajb.1700078subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-06-01 00:00:00pages
953-960issue
6eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
ajb.1700078journal_volume
104pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Land-use change is cited as a primary driver of global biodiversity loss, with myriad consequences for species, populations, and ecosystems. However, few studies have examined its impact on species interactions, particularly pollination. Furthermore, when the effects of land-use change on pollinati...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1600302
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Because leaf pubescence of the desert shrub Encelia farinosa increases in response to drought and influences photosynthesis and transpiration, we hypothesized that differences in water availability across the range of this species may result in genetic differentiation for pubescence and associated productivity traits....
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.90.10.1481
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The origin of polyploid Bromus species of section Genea was investigated using molecular data. This group of annual species native from the Old-World is composed of three diploids, two tetraploids, one hexaploid, and one octoploid. Molecular cloning, sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses were performed on several acce...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.95.4.454
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Diversification of floral traits in angiosperms is often attributed to have been driven by adaptations to pollinators. Nevertheless, phylogenetic studies on the relationships among evolutionary changes in floral traits and pollination systems are still limited. We examined the relation...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200359
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Solanaceae have identified many well-supported clades within the family and have permitted the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification. Here we estimate the phylogeny for Iochrominae, a clade of Physaleae sensu Olmstead et al. (1999), which contains 34 Andean specie...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.8.1140
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a recent study (American Journal of Botany 97: 730-737), we described the first case of a tripartite association in natural conditions among a holoparasitic plant (Cytinus), its host Cistaceae species, and mycorrhizal fungi at an anatomical level. In a letter to the editor, Brundrett (American Journal of Botany 98:...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100036
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The degree to which plants self-fertilize may impact their potential for genetic adaptation. Given that the mating system influences genetic processes within and among populations, the mating system could limit or promote local adaptation. I conducted a literature survey of published reciprocal transplant experiments ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0900224
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The question why leaf dimensions vary so much between species has long puzzled ecologists. Presumably, variation arises from selective forces acting on leaf function but which selective forces and which leaf functions? This investigation assesses the consistency of divergence in plant...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1400379
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The ability to respond to environmental change via phenotypic plasticity may be important for plants experiencing disturbances such as climate change and plant invasion. Responding to belowground competition through root plasticity may allow native plants to persist in highly invaded ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1400234
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Correlations were examined between habitat characters and clonal structures determined by the RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) assay in five populations of Oryza rufipogon in China. Nine of 175 decameric primers were used in the study because they reproducibly amplified polymorphisms. The extent of clonality to...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Vessels are the chief conduit for long-distance water transport in the majority of flowering plants. Vessel length is a key trait that determines plant hydraulic efficiency and safety, yet relatively little is known about this xylem feature. • METHODS:We used previously published stud...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200140
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many plant species contain populations with more than one polyploid cytotype, but little is known of the mechanisms maintaining several cytotypes in a population. Andropogon gerardii cytotypes were compared to evaluate different models of autopolyploid cytotype coexistence. The enneaploid (90 chromosome, 9x) cytotype ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) are the active component of tension wood. G-fibers are unlike traditional fiber cells in that they possess a thick, nonlignified gelatinous layer (G-layer) internal to the normal secondary cell wall layers. For the past several decades, the G-layer has generally been presumed to be compose...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.2007368
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Incarvillea is a herbaceous and temperate member of Bignoniaceae, previously divided into four subgenera, Niedzwedzkia, Amphicome, Incarvillea, and Pteroscleris. Niedzwedzkia and Amphicome have in the past been treated as independent genera. Different relationships have been proposed for the four subgenera. Here, maxi...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.625
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wind is a major ecological factor for plants and a major economical factor for forestry. Mechanical analyses have revealed that the multimodal dynamic behavior of trees is central to wind-tree interactions. Moreover, the trunk and branches influence dynamic modes, both in frequency and location. Because of the complex...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800161
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cladistic parsimony analyses of rbcL nucleotide sequence data from 171 taxa representing nearly all tribes and subtribes of Orchidaceae are presented here. These analyses divide the family into five primary monophyletic clades: apostasioid, cypripedioid, vanilloid, orchidoid, and epidendroid orchids, arranged in that ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shoot apical meristem (SAM) produces stem and initiates leaves. Its structure is maintained despite a continuous flow of cells basipetally from the distal portion of the meristem. The apoplasm and symplasm are the obvious means of cell integration, and their role in chemical cell-to-cell signaling is known. Howeve...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.9.1277
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temperature dependence of freezing-induced xylem cavitation was studied in a Chihuahuan desert population of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae). Field measurements of wood temperature and xylem embolism were combined with anatomical studies and laboratory measurements of embolism in stem and root samples frozen un...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.89.12.1916
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A spatially explicit, reiterative algorithm (SERA) is presented and used to predict multiple aspects of plant population and community dynamics. Using simple physical principles and empirically derived relationships, SERA provides an analytical venue to test alternative hypotheses about individual functional traits go...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0900063
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of chloroplast (cp) DNA is a powerful tool for the study of microevolutionary processes in land plants, yet has not previously been applied to seaweed populations. We used cpDNA-RFLP, detected on Southern blots using labeled total plastid DNA, to search for intr...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Variation in seedling emergence timing is considered adaptive over the long term in wild populations, but early emergence can result in a fitness advantage. To explore the adaptive significance of seedling emergence timing, it should be studied under realistic conditions and in the context of other traits that ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1000408
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Conifers are an important living seed plant lineage with an extensive fossil record spanning more than 300 million years. The group therefore provides an excellent opportunity to explore congruence and conflict between dated molecular phylogenies and the fossil record. METHODS:We surveyed the curr...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1143
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between near-infrared reflectance at 800 nm (NIRR) from leaves and characteristics of leaf structure known to affect photosynthesis was investigated in 48 species of alpine angiosperms. This wavelength was selected to discriminate the effects of leaf structure vs. chemical or water content on leaf ref...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Uplift of the tropical Andes had a significant impact on the diversification of South American flora and fauna. Recent biogeographic inquiries have established patterns of Andean divergence, but investigations on ferns are scant. The fern genus Polystichum Roth (Dryopteridaceae) combines widespread...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1300191
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Distylous species possess two floral morphs with reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers that is hypothesized to promote disassortative pollination. Theoretical models predict equal morph frequencies, but many populations depart from the expected 1:1 ratio, a pattern that often correlates with asymmetric ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1478
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Several members of Selaginella are renowned for their ability to survive extreme drought and "resurrect" when conditions improve. Many of these belong to subgenus Tetragonostachys, a group of ∼45 species primarily found in North and Central America, with substantial diversity in the Sonoran and Chi...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200426
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The evolutionary shift from radial to bilateral symmetry in flowers is generally associated with the evolution of low flower-size variation. This phenomenon supports the hypothesis that the lower size variation in bilateral flowers can be attributed to low pollinator diversity. In this study, we pr...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1500371
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Many ecological and evolutionary processes shape the assembly of organisms into local communities from a regional pool of species. We analyzed phylogenetic and functional diversity to understand community assembly of the ferns of Florida at two spatial scales. METHODS:We built a phylogeny for 125 ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1073
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphenobaiera huangii (Sze) Hsü is typical Early Mesozoic fossil foliage of Ginkgoales in China. It has been recorded from the Upper Triassic to the Lower Jurassic. The cuticular anatomy is investigated based on material from the type locality, Lower Jurassic Hsiangchi Formation, Zigui County, Hubei Province. The speci...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.709
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whereas the "law of the minimum" (LM) states that plant growth is limited by a single resource at any one time, the "multiple limitation hypothesis" (MLH) proposes that optimum plant behavior results from balancing resource costs and benefits so that all resources limit plant growth simultaneously. We tested the hypot...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.90.1.143
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00