Abstract：
:Gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) are the active component of tension wood. G-fibers are unlike traditional fiber cells in that they possess a thick, nonlignified gelatinous layer (G-layer) internal to the normal secondary cell wall layers. For the past several decades, the G-layer has generally been presumed to be composed nearly entirely of crystalline cellulose, although several reports have appeared that disagreed with this hypothesis. In this report, immunocytochemical techniques were used to investigate the polysaccharide composition of G-fibers in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua; Hamamelidaceae) and hackberry (Celtis occidentalis; Ulmaceae) tension wood. Surprisingly, a number of antibodies that recognize arabinogalactan proteins and RG I-type pectin molecules bound to the G-layer. Because AGPs and pectic mucilages are found in other plant tissues where swelling reactions occur, we propose that these polymers may be the source of the contractile forces that act on the cellulose microfibrils to provide the tension force necessary to bend the tree trunk.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Bowling AJ,Vaughn KCdoi
10.3732/ajb.2007368subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
655-63issue
6eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
95/6/655journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Recent molecular phylogenetic studies of Solanaceae have identified many well-supported clades within the family and have permitted the creation of a phylogenetic system of classification. Here we estimate the phylogeny for Iochrominae, a clade of Physaleae sensu Olmstead et al. (1999), which contains 34 Andean specie...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.93.8.1140
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant tropisms play a fundamental role in shaping the growth form of plants, and these fascinating movements are the focus of this thematic issue of the American Journal of Botany. The issue includes 16 reviews of the current literature and eight original manuscripts written by a diverse group of international experts...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type：
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200591
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent discoveries of fossil reproductive structures from deposits of the Raritan Formation in New Jersey (Turonian, Upper Cretaceous, ~90 million years BP) include a previously undescribed representative of the Order Capparales. The fossils are usually charcoalified with three-dimensional structure and excellent anat...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Floral organogenesis and development of the tropical legume trees Haematoxylum campechianum (logwood) and H. brasiletto (brazilwood) were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The aims were to compare ontogenies, and to elucidate the relationships of Haematoxylum with other genera of Caesalpinieae, the basal tri...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied 15 riparian and upland Sonoran desert species to evaluate how the limitation of xylem pressure (Ψ(x)) by cavitation corresponded with plant distribution along a moisture gradient. Riparian species were obligate riparian trees (Fraxinus velutina, Populus fremontii, and Salix gooddingii), native shrubs (Bacch...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recruitment and mortality of Spartina alterniflora tillers and culms were estimated from measurements of live standing crops at Wallops Island, Virginia. Stands of tall and medium form grass produced from 452 to 1,227 tillers m-2 yr-1 . Those tillered in spring lengthened into culms their first year, while those tille...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/j.1537-2197.1983.tb12430.x
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Although hybridization has played an important role in the evolution of many plant species, phylogenetic reconstructions that include hybridizing lineages have been historically constrained by the available models and data. Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has been a popular sequencing techni...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1352
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis, Moraceae), a traditional starch crop in Oceania, has enjoyed legendary status ever since its role in the infamous mutiny aboard the H.M.S. Bounty in 1789, yet its origins remain unclear. Breadfruit's closest relatives are A. camansi and A. mariannensis. DNA fingerprinting data (AFLP, am...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.91.5.760
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite primers were developed in Paeonia lactiflora for further population genetic studies. • METHODS AND RESULTS:Ten dinucleotide microsatellite markers were developed using an enriched genomic library. They were identified in 58 individuals, and nine markers were also amplif...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100083
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the function of floral traits associated with buzz pollination through studies of Rhexia virginica (Melastomataceae) in the Muskoka region of Ontario, Canada. Controlled pollinations demonstrated that the species is self-compatible, but dependent on insects for pollen transfer. Bumble bees made 82 and 90% ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Identifying recently diverged taxa can be useful for studying the process of speciation. Ipomoea lacunosa and I. cordatotriloba, along with a putative homoploid hybrid, I. ×leucantha, are closely related taxa, which are promising for investigating the early stages of speciation. The objectives of t...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200467
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seed size and germination requirements of eight (of nine) Sarracenia species, and 13 populations of S. purpurea were studied. All species except for S. purpurea are restricted to the southeastern United States, whereas S. purpurea ranges across Canada, southward along the eastern United States into Maryland and Virgin...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE:Despite the efforts to understand the processes that shape neotropical biodiversity, the complexity of certain biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest (AF), prevents the generalization of patterns. Initially, ecological niche modeling (ENM), with phylogeographic studies, identified past stable areas in the central ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajb2.1317
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Koelreuteria (Sapindaceae) has four extant deciduous tree species, disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and the Fiji Islands. While K. paniculata is widely cultivated, the biogeographic origin and evolutionary history of Koelreuteria remain unclear. METHODS:Fruits, pollen, wood, and leaves of cl...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200415
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intensified ultraviolet-B radiation or UV-B (wavelengths between 280 and 320 nm) can delay flowering and diminish lifetime flower production in a few plants. Here we studied the effects of enhanced UV-B on floral traits crucial to pollination and pollinator reproduction. We observed simultaneous flowering responses of...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Robust markers are required (inter alia) for assessing origins of Calophyllum inophyllum populations on the Bonin Islands, Japan. Therefore, informative expressed sequence tag (EST)-based microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSRs) markers in the species were sought. METHODS AND RESULTS:Using ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100299
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The desert moss Syntrichia caninervis exhibits one of the most skewed sex ratios in the plant kingdom, with female individuals far outnumbering male individuals (exceeding 14♀:1♂). The "cost of sex hypothesis" derives from allocational theory and predicts that the sex which is most expensive should be the rarer sex. T...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We used the chloroplast gene ndhF to reconstruct the phylogeny of the moonseed family (Menispermaceae), a morphologically diverse and poorly known cosmopolitan family of dioecious, primarily climbing plants. This study includes a worldwide sample of DNA sequences for 88 species representing 49 of the 70 genera of all ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.94.8.1425
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developmental and physiological studies of roots are frequently limited to a post-germination stage. In Arabidopsis, a developmental change in the root meristem architecture during plant ontogenesis has not previously been studied and is addressed presently. Arabidopsis thaliana have closed root apical organization, i...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.89.6.908
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were developed for the dove tree, Davidia involucrata (Cornaceae), a Tertiary relict currently endemic to China, to investigate its population genetics and phylogeography. METHODS AND RESULTS:Using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing repeats (FIASCO) protocol,...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1100414
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using nucleotide sequence variation of the nuclear-encoded chalcone synthase gene (Chs) and the chloroplast gene matK for members of five tribes from the family Brassicaceae to analyze tribal and subtribal structures. Phylogenetic trees from individual data sets are mostly in c...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyploid speciation is an ongoing, important source of angiosperm diversity. However, the barriers to polyploid speciation and mechanisms of establishment remain poorly understood for all but a few species. Several factors likely to have influenced tetraploid establishment, including barriers to triploid formation, c...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.11.1827
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is generally thought that sedimenting plastids are responsible for gravity sensing in higher plants. We directly tested the model generated by the current statolith hypothesis that the gravity sensing that leads to gravitropism results from an interaction between the plastids and actin microfilaments. We find that ...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In monocarpic plants, reproduction is closely associated with senescence, which is itself often correlated to specific environmental signals. Floerkea proserpinacoides (Limnanthaceae) is a spring ephemeral annual of the deciduous forests of eastern North America. The phenology of its growth and reproduction is conside...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.92.3.438
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many plant species are characterized by a life cycle with a long-lived, subterranean phase that is completely dependent on mycorrhizal fungal symbionts for fixed carbon. This type of life cycle is both phylogenetically and ecologically widespread and is found in diverse vascular plant lineages from the tropics to suba...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.94.7.1248
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Vestigialization of traits that no longer enhance fitness is a common theme in evolution. Plants often use colorful, scented flowers to attract pollinators that mediate outcross pollination. After an evolutionary shift from outcrossing to self-fertilization, where cross-pollination is no longer nec...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1300159
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper presents the first broad overview of three main features of microsporogenesis (male meiosis) in angiosperms: cytokinesis (cell division), intersporal wall formation, and tetrad form. A phylogenetic comparative approach was used to test for correlated evolution among these characters and to make hypotheses a...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.0800110
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Gravity has been a major force throughout the evolution of terrestrial organisms, and plants have developed exquisitely sensitive, regulated tropisms and growth patterns that are based on the gravity vector. The nullified gravity during spaceflight allows direct assessment of gravity roles. The mic...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.1200343
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effect of inbreeding on fitness (through both male and female functions) and changes in self-fertility in the partially self-incompatible species Campanula rapunculoides. Individuals in natural populations of C. rapunculoides varied extensively in their strength of self-incompatibility (SI). We crossed...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.90.12.1736
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exotic plant species can threaten closely related native congeners through asymmetric hybridization and subsequent backcrossing, the process known as genetic assimilation. I explore the initial stages of this process in Taraxacum ceratophorum (Asteraceae), the native alpine dandelion, and the invasive apomict T. offic...
journal_title：American journal of botany
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3732/ajb.91.5.656
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
