Abstract：
OPINION STATEMENT:Impaired sleep and alertness affect the majority of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, negatively impacting safety and quality of life. The etiology of impaired sleep-wake cycle in PD is multifactorial and encompasses medication side effects, nocturnal PD motor symptoms, and presence of co-existent sleep and neuropsychiatric disorders. The primary neurodegenerative process of PD involves brain regions that regulate the sleep-wake cycle, such as brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei. Sleep disorders in PD include insomnia, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), sleep disordered breathing (SDB), restless legs syndrome (RLS), and circadian disruption. Despite its high prevalence in the PD population, there is a paucity of clinical studies that have investigated treatment of sleep dysfunction associated with PD. Therefore, we aim to review available evidence and outline treatment strategies for improvement of disorders of sleep and wakefulness in PD patients. Evidence supporting the efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies in PD is limited. There is thus a great need but also opportunity for development of well-designed clinical trials for impaired sleep and alertness in PD. Providing education about sleep hygiene and strategies for its implementation represents the initial step in management. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of co-existent primary sleep and psychiatric disorders are critical, as this may significantly improve sleep and alertness. While the optimal treatment for insomnia in PD has not been established, available strategies include cognitive-behavioral therapy, medications with soporific properties, and light therapy. Safety measures, clonazepam, and melatonin are the mainstay of treatment for RBD. Continuous positive airway pressure is an effective treatment for SDB in PD. The treatment algorithm for RLS associated with PD mirrors that used for idiopathic RLS. Circadian disruption has emerged as an important etiology of impaired sleep-wake cycles in PD, and circadian-based interventions hold promise for novel treatment approaches.
journal_name
Curr Treat Options Neuroljournal_title
Current treatment options in neurologyauthors
Amara AW,Chahine LM,Videnovic Adoi
10.1007/s11940-017-0461-6subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-07-01 00:00:00pages
26issue
7eissn
1092-8480issn
1534-3138pii
10.1007/s11940-017-0461-6journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Classic maple syrup disease can be managed to allow a benign neonatal course, normal growth, and low hospitalization rates. The majority of affected infants that are prospectively managed have good neurodevelopmental outcome; however, acute metabolic intoxication and neurologic deterioration can develop rapidly at any...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0039-3
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The challenge for the neurologist in the treatment of Lyme neuroborreliosis is not in the treatment per se, but in the diagnosis. Neurological manifestations of Lyme disease can present in many forms, and diagnostic techniques which detect the spirochete directly; the culture or polymerase chain reaction of the spiroc...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0026-y
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The primary goal of treatment in nonepileptic seizures (NES) is to improve the patient's quality of life by terminating seizure production or reducing seizure frequency. Initial treatment consists of explaining the diagnosis and its psychological nature to patients without judging them or giving the NES excessive atte...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0034-x
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:High-grade or malignant gliomas are aggressive cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system recognizes grade III and grade IV primary brain tumors of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or mixed lineage. Identification of these tumors is prompted by symptoms such as insidious headaches, seizu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0077-6
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no standard therapy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), and treatments are based on the analogy of the pathogenesis of ADEM with that of multiple sclerosis (MS), namely an inflammatory perivenular demyelination. High-dose intravenous corticosteroids, such as methylprednisolone, at a dosage standa...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-001-0016-7
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Myotonic dystrophy (DM1) is the most common form of adult muscular dystrophy. It is a multisystem disorder with a complex pathophysiology. Although inheritance is autosomal dominant, disease variability is attributed to anticipation, a maternal expansion bias, variable penetrance, somatic mosaicism, a...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-016-0434-1
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMD) include several different motor activities during sleep. Few of them are well known and well classified, whereas others are minor motor disorders of sleep which are neither thoroughly characterized and classified nor have been extensively investigated to clarify...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0543-8
更新日期：2019-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-rapid eye movement parasomnias are unique physical or experiential phenomena that disrupt sleep. Non-rapid eye movement parasomnias are common in children, but they typically outgrow them. Sleep-stage shifts caused by sleep-disordered breathing and associated arousals may be precipitating events for episodes of pa...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-004-0032-5
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory complications account for the majority of deaths occurring in patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Patients normally succumb to their illness within an average of 3 to 5 years from the time of diagnosis from complications such as hypoventilation, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, aspiration, ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-001-0048-z
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is associated with multiple short- and long-term side effects. Effects on endocrine function, including weight change, reproductive function, thyroid function, and bone health are examples of these side effects. Some AEDs affect weight, resulting in weight gain or loss. Levetiracetam...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0037-8
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a surgically treatable neurological disorder of the elderly population that is characterized by abnormal ventricular enlargement due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation and gait disturbance, cognitive impairment, or urinary incontinence. The obj...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0604-z
更新日期：2019-12-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic myopathies are disorders affecting utilization of carbohydrates or fat in the skeletal muscle. Adult patients with metabolic myopathies typically present with exercise-induced pain, contractures or stiffness, fatigue, and myoglobinuria. Symptoms are related to energy failure. Purpose of review In this review...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0473-2
更新日期：2017-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep disorders can have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. Behavioral intervention is the first step in the management of many sleep disorders. Limit-setting is particularly challenging in younger children but must be consistent. Good sleep hygiene practices must be emphasized to adolesce...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0042-1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the impact of the exposure to anesthetic and sedative agents on neurodevelopment during the period of rapid brain growth in the first 3 years of life. Though much of the definitive data demonstrating anesthesia-induced neurotoxi...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-018-0536-z
更新日期：2018-10-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological event with a 30-day mortality of approximately 40%. Recent research provides new insights into the pathophysiology of ICH-associated edema, with potential molecular and cellular targets for future therapy. Neuroimaging techniques such as gradient...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0005-y
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disorder, which can potentially increases the risk of stroke by five-fold, thus, resulting in high public healthcare burden. Stroke prevention is vital in the management of AF patients. Vitamin K antagonists (VKA, eg, warfarin) have ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-014-0331-4
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Melanoma-associated retinopathy is a rare paraneoplastic disorder that is challenging to diagnose and even more difficult to treat. Because of the rarity of the disease, therapy is based on analysis of case series and case reports. Based on evidence from these reports, first-line therapy is cytoreduct...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-009-0057-x
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with functional or nonorganic visual disturbances are often seen in general ophthalmology practice and then referred to neurology and/or neuro-ophthalmology. The diagnosis of functional vision loss requires comprehensive examinations and diagnostic testing to eliminate possible organic entities. Inconsistenci...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-996-0023-9
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis-Ekbom Disease (RLS/WED) is a common condition characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, concomitant with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs, which is typically relieved by movement. Symptoms occur predominantly at rest and prevail in the afternoon or...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0390-1
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard guiding diagnostic and therapeutic management in glioma with its high resolution and possibility to depict blood-brain-barrier disruption when contrast medium is applied. In light of the shifting paradigms revealing distinct tumor subtypes based on...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0384-z
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cerebrovascular disorders are an important cause of mortality and chronic morbidity in children. Ischemic stroke is more common than cerebral venous thrombosis and hemorrhagic stroke in children. Several medical disorders have been associated with stroke in children, and a thorough evaluation of underlying causes is n...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0047-6
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurorehabilitation program for cerebral palsy changes over time. During the first 2 years of life, an infant stimulation program with an emphasis on more than just improving motor deficits is emphasized. The importance of involvement of a knowledgeable therapist cannot be overemphasized. Realistic expectations mu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0011-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) include anomalies of accommodation, version, vergence (nonstrabismic, as well as strabismic), photosensitivity, visual field integrity, and ocular health. Traumatic brain injury patients with complex diplopia patterns, noncomitant strabismic anomalies, and adv...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0027-z
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is an atypical parkinsonian disorder that, in spite of its growing recognition, is still underdiagnosed. For management, prognosis, and research, an accurate and early diagnosis is essential. PSP is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disorder, clinically characterized by ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-006-0012-z
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The diagnosis and appropriate treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders require a work up of potentially reversible metabolic, infectious and structural disorders as well as side effects of current medication. In pharmacoresistant movement disorders with a disabling impact on quality of life, deep ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0373-2
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All patients who present with subarachnoid hemorrhage should be admitted to the intensive care unit for close neurologic and cardiorespiratory monitoring. Neurosurgical consultation should be obtained if external ventricular drain placement, arteriography, or surgical planning are considered. Seizure prophylaxis, anti...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-999-0010-z
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Standard therapy does not exist for the treatment of primary central nervous system lymphoma. This is because of low patient numbers, slow accrual to clinical trials, and the absence of phase III randomized clinical trials. Neuro-oncologists agree that whole brain irradiation alone is no longer the best treatment opti...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-003-0012-1
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Treatment of myoclonus requires an understanding of the physiopathology of the condition. The first step in treatment is to determine if there is an epileptic component to the myoclonus and treat accordingly. Secondly, a review of medications (e.g., opiates) and comorbidities (e.g., hepatic or renal f...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-016-0404-7
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When the diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (aPS) is being considered in persons who have experienced an ischemic stroke or a transient ischemic attack, it is important to gauge how well the history and laboratory data fit with this diagnosis as opposed to other causes of infarct. The fewer the number of ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0043-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by degeneration of spinal cord motor neurons and muscular atrophy. Advances in recent research have led to understanding of the molecular genetics of SMA. Therapeutic strategies have been developed according to the unique genomic structure o...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0044-7
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
