Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Cadmium is a heavy metal found naturally in the environment that has been associated with negative health outcomes. The present study examines levels of blood cadmium (BCd), urinary cadmium (UCd), and the main sources of cadmium exposure among Canadians aged 20 to 79. DATA AND METHODS:The data are from cycles 1 (2007 to 2009) and 2 (2009 to 2011) of the Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS), including measures of BCd and UCd, markers of smoking status (self-reported and second-hand smoke exposure), and self-reported consumption of foods known to be high in cadmium. The relationship between sources of exposure and cadmium levels was examined descriptively. The magnitude of the contribution of different exposure sources was examined in regression models. RESULTS:Age and smoking status were the greatest contributors to BCd and UCd: older people and current smokers had the highest cadmium levels. Dietary exposure, while significant, was a modest contributor overall, but a more important source of cadmium among never-smokers. INTERPRETATION:Smoking was the greatest contributor to cadmium levels among Canadians aged 20 to 79. Dietary differences explained a small percentage of variation in cadmium levels.
journal_name
Health Repjournal_title
Health reportsauthors
Garner R,Levallois Psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-02-01 00:00:00pages
10-8issue
2eissn
0840-6529issn
1209-1367pii
82-003-X201600214311journal_volume
27pub_type
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