Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:To describe salient epidemiological characteristics of Zika virus outbreaks across the world and to examine the clinical presentations, complications, and atypical manifestations related to their occurrence in recent history. METHODS:We conducted a systematic review of the literature by searching through MEDLINE, Embase, and Global Health Library, as well as the epidemiological bulletins and alerts from the World Health Organization, the Pan American Health Organization, and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control over the period 1954 to 2016. RESULTS:The search yielded 547 records. We retained 333 for further analysis, to which we added 11 epidemiological bulletins from various sources. Of these, we systematically reviewed 52 articles and reports, revealing some epidemiological features and patterns of spread of the Zika virus worldwide, as well as pathological outcomes suspected to be linked to Zika outbreaks. Neurologic disorders among zika patients were similar in Brazil and French Polynesia but a causal link is not established. Incidence of zika infection in pregnant women is not known. In Brazil, during the zika outbreak the incidence of microcephaly increased more than 20 times. Among 35 infants with microcephaly, born from women suspected to have Zika infection during pregnancy in northeast Brazil, 74% of the mothers reported rash during the first and second trimester. CONCLUSIONS:On February 1, 2016, The World Health Organization declared the ongoing Zika crisis an emergency and that, although not yet scientifically proven, the link between the virus and growing numbers of microcephaly cases was "strongly suspected." However, the causal relationship between zika and microcephaly is not universally accepted. Public Health Implications. The current situation with regard to Zika is not encouraging, because there is no vaccine, no treatment, and no good serological test, and vector control remains a challenge.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Paixão ES,Barreto F,Teixeira Mda G,Costa Mda C,Rodrigues LCdoi
10.2105/AJPH.2016.303112subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-04-01 00:00:00pages
606-12issue
4eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
106pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess whether asking questions about a future behavior changes this behavior (i.e., the question-behavior effect) when applied to a population-level intervention to enhance colorectal cancer screening. METHODS:In 2013, text-message reminders were sent to a national sample of 50 000 Israeli women and men...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303364
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The areal approach utilized in mortality analysis for cities in the past is argued to be fruitful for suburban mortality analysis as well. Through factor analysis of four Census Tract indicators, weighted scores were computed and socioeconomic groups were constructed for each central city and each suburban area for th...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.68.4.342
更新日期:1978-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study analyzed 30,194 incident cases and 4,301 death certificates for completeness of occupational reporting. Analysis of data accuracy was based upon a comparison of more than 2,000 death certificates with incident abstracts and 352 death certificates with interview data. Death certificates had a higher proporti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.74.5.464
更新日期:1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A random sample of employees was surveyed 20 months after a non-smoking policy was implemented at the New England Telephone Company in 1986. Overall, 21 percent of respondents who were smoking at the time they heard about the policy had quit smoking; 42 percent of quitters said they stopped smoking because of the poli...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.2.202
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:National surveys indicate that only 15% to 30% of all women in the general population 50 years of age or older have an annual mammogram. METHODS:We studied first-degree female relatives of women with breast cancer, who are at elevated risk of disease, to describe the breast cancer screening practices of the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.9.1174
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer mortality in Texas 1969-80 was 25 per cent lower among Mexican American males compared to other Whites; among females, rates were only 4 per cent lower. Reduced mortality was primarily a result of lower rates for cancers of the most common sites: lung, colon, breast and prostate. However, for cancers of the sto...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.7.851
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smoking histories and beliefs about smoking were obtained on 120 ex- and current smokers. Ex-smokers view smoking as a serious health problem, did not report having a physician recommend they stop, and feel personally susceptible to its adverse effects. Moderate smokers (0-10/day) also view smoking as serious, but do ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.11.1253
更新日期:1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight matched men's and women's intercollegiate varsity teams were studied prospectively for one academic year to determine the incidence of athletic injury and resulting disability. Sports in which both men and women participated in a comparable manner were chosen: basketball, fencing, gymnastics, swimming, tennis, i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.12.1459
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This article describes the implementation and impact of the first statewide condom social marketing intervention in the United States. METHODS:A statewide social marketing program made condoms freely available in 93 public health clinics, 39 community mental health centers, 29 substance abuse treatment site...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.2.204
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The association between carbonated beverage consumption and bone mineral density was examined in a community-based cohort of older White women. METHODS:One thousand women 44 to 98 years of age had bone mineral density measured at four sites and provided medical and behavioral histories, including type and q...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.276
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) among adolescents who participate in competitive sports. Using data from Monitoring the Future, we found that adolescent participants in high-injury sports had 50% higher odds of NMUPO than adolescents who did not participate in these types of sports (i.e....
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301242
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A nutrition surveillance system in public health clinics is providing data for patient care and program planning. Through this system, Arizona's Mexican-American population has been shown to differ from other ethnic groups seen in clinic. Anemia and low height-for-age are significant problems in the Mexican-American p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.67.2.151
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the health profile of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults in North Carolina, the first state in the South to include a measure of sexual orientation identity in a probability-based statewide health survey. METHODS:Using data from 9876 respondents in the 2011 North Carolina Behavioral Ris...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301751
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Workplace violence is becoming increasingly recognized as a serious problem in health care settings. All 628 workers' compensation assaults claimed by minority Los Angeles County health care workers from 1986 through 1990 were abstracted. Population-at-risk data from county personnel computer tapes provided denominato...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.7.1011
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Between December 2009 and January 2010, we conducted a nationally representative telephone survey of US adults (n = 1001; completion rate = 52.9%) to explore perceptions of risks associated with peak petroleum. We asked respondents to assess the likelihood that oil prices would triple over the next 5 years and then to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300230
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:We examined circumstances surrounding swimming pool drownings among US residents aged 5 to 24 years to understand why Black males and other racial/ethnic groups have high drowning rates. METHODS:We obtained data about drowning deaths in the United States (1995-1998) from death certificates, medical examiner ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.057067
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In data from the Texas Educational Agency and the Health Resources and Services Administration, we found fewer autism diagnoses in school districts with higher percentages of Hispanic children. Our results are consistent with previous reports of autism rates 2 to 3 times as high among non-Hispanic Whites as among Hisp...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.150565
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We described changes in body mass index (BMI) and the prevalence of thinness among young Japanese women (aged 15-29 years) from 1976 to 2000 by reanalyzing the nationwide data in the National Nutrition Survey, Japan. METHODS:We used height and weight data sets for 30 903 nonpregnant, nonlactating women duri...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1592
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the behavioral characteristics and sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevalence of Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) (n = 41) from a national probability sample of men (n = 1861). Most MSM were partnered with females (97%) and had a low rate of consistent condom use (7%). More MSM than heterosexual ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.150037
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the 1981 Child Health Supplement to the National Health Interview Survey were used to examine relationships between family and child characteristics and regular use of seatbelts or child restraints. Only for a third of children less than seven years old was regular seatbelt use reported. They were more likel...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.12.1425
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed state and local public health workforce characteristics by occupational category from 2010 to 2013. We also examined health department characteristics to determine whether workforce size and composition varied across these domains. METHODS:We analyzed Association of State and Territorial Health ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302353
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the study was to determine whether the obstetrical judgment of viability makes a difference to fetal and neonatal survival of extremely low birthweight infants (500-749 g). METHODS:We assessed the effect of the antenatal judgment of viability in a group of 66 infants born weighing from 500 to...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.85.3.362
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated whether eating behaviors were concordant among diverse sets of social ties. METHODS:We analyzed the socioeconomic and demographic distribution of eating among 3418 members of the Framingham Heart Study observed from 1991 to 2001. We used a data-classification procedure to simplify choices in...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300282
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study determined infection risk for HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from needle reuse at a phlebotomy center that possibly exposed 3810 patients to infection. METHODS:We used a model for the risk of infection per blood draw, supplemented by subsequent testing results from 1699...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.91.4.636
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::State-level income inequality has been found to have an effect on individual health outcomes, even when controlled for important individual-level variables such as income, education, age, and gender. The effect of income inequality on health may not be immediate and may, in fact, have a substantial lag time between ex...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134940
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Academic occupational health centers can support state-based occupational disease surveillance by playing a role in case identification and management, physician education, workplace investigation, and surveillance case criteria development. The existing centers can also serve as models for developing new clinics. As ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.suppl.58
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the 18-month incidence of tooth loss in a random sample of 451 dentate noninstitutionalized Iowans aged 65 and older residing in two rural counties. They had a mean of 19.0 teeth at baseline and lost an average of 0.4 teeth during the subsequent 18 months. Twenty-one per cent of the population ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.10.1330
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to assess 6-month outcomes for HIV-infected people released from New York City jails with a transitional care plan. METHODS:Jail detainees in New York City living with HIV who accepted a transitional care plan during incarceration were asked to participate in a multi-site evaluation aimed at impro...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302234
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to better understand the prevalence and consequences of food insecurity among American Indian families with young children. METHODS:Parents or caregivers of kindergarten-age children enrolled in the Bright Start study (dyad n=432) living on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota completed a qu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300522
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We interviewed 1038 HIV-positive inpatients in public hospitals in Miami, Florida, and Atlanta, Georgia, to examine patient factors associated with use of HIV care, use of antiretroviral therapy, and unprotected sexual intercourse. Multivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression models showed that use of crack ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.139931
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00