Abstract:
:Cholesterol is an important risk factor of atherosclerosis, due to its active uptake by monocytes/macrophages. Monocyte recruitment from flowing blood to atherosclerotic foci is the key first step in the development of atherosclerosis. Cholesterol content alters cell membrane stiffness, and lateral lipid and protein diffusion. We hypothesized that cholesterol content will modulate the recruitment of monocytes to inflamed endothelial surface by altering the dynamics of adhesion receptors. We depleted or enriched the cellular cholesterol levels using methyl-β-cyclodextran in freshly isolated human monocytes. We investigated the effect of these changes on the mechanics of monocyte rolling on E-selectin surfaces at 1 dyn/cm2 in microchannels. Using imaging flow cytometry and atomic force microscopy, we characterized the distribution of lipid rafts and the E-selectin counterreceptor CD44 on the monocyte surface. We observed that lower levels of cholesterol resulted in the uniform, CD44-mediated rolling of monocytes on the E-selectin-coated surfaces. We also observed that cells depleted of cholesterol had higher membrane fluidity, and more uniform distribution of CD44 counterreceptor, which resulted in smooth motion of the cells compared to cells enriched with cholesterol. This work demonstrates that cholesterol can modulate monocyte adhesion by regulating the receptor mobility, and our results provide insights into the biophysical regulation of inflammation for the better understanding of diseases like atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.
journal_name
Biophys Jjournal_title
Biophysical journalauthors
Saha AK,Osmulski P,Dallo SF,Gaczynska M,Huang TH,Ramasubramanian AKdoi
10.1016/j.bpj.2017.02.021subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-04-11 00:00:00pages
1481-1488issue
7eissn
0006-3495issn
1542-0086pii
S0006-3495(17)30235-7journal_volume
112pub_type
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