Abstract：
:The thickness of tear film has been investigated under both invasive and non-invasive methods. While invasive methods are largely historical, more recent noninvasive methods are generally based on optical approaches that provide accurate, precise, and rapid measures. Optical microscopy, interferometry, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) have been developed to characterize the thickness of tear film or certain aspects of the tear film (e.g., the lipid layer). This review provides an in-depth overview on contemporary optical techniques used in studying the tear film, including both advantages and limitations of these approaches. It is anticipated that further developments of high-resolution OCT and other interferometric methods will enable a more accurate and precise measurement of the thickness of the tear film and its related dynamic properties.
journal_name
Prog Retin Eye Resjournal_title
Progress in retinal and eye researchauthors
Bai Y,Nichols JJdoi
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.02.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
28-44eissn
1350-9462issn
1873-1635pii
S1350-9462(16)30087-8journal_volume
58pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Compression of the optic chiasm causes an optic neuropathy that may be associated with reversible visual loss often immediately following surgical decompression. While the precise pathogenesis of retinal ganglion cell impairment and eventual death remains poorly understood, a number of putative mechanisms may play a r...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial endophthalmitis is a sight threatening infection of the interior structures of the eye. Incidence in the US has increased in recent years, which appears to be related to procedures being performed on an aging population. The advent of outpatient intravitreal therapy for management of age-related macular dege...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.03.004
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem with devastating effects on ocular health in both industrialized and developing countries. The control of hyperglycemia is critical to minimizing the impact of DM on ocular tissues because inadequate glycemic control leads to ocular tissue changes that range from a temp...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.04.006
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review considers the critical role of the conjunctiva in determining the success or failure of glaucoma filtration surgery. Glaucoma filtration surgery can be defined as an attempt to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) by the surgical formation of an artificial drainage pathway from the anterior chamber to the subc...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.06.004
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Disturbances in the retinal vascular supply are involved in the pathophysiology of the most frequent diseases causing visual impairment and blindness in the Western World. These diseases are diagnosed by noting how morphological lesions in the retina vary in shape, size, location and dynamics, and subsequently conclud...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.07.002
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the tear film has been extensively studied as it exists in the open eye state, until recently very little was known as to what happens to the tear film on eye closure. Recent studies have shown that eye closure results in a profound change in the composition, origins, turnover and physiological functions of t...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(00)00006-9
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the elderly population in the Western world. AMD is a clinically heterogeneous disease presenting with drusen, pigmentary changes, geographic atrophy and/or choroidal neovascularization. Due to its heterogeneous presentation, it c...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.11.001
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a long-term study of 1270 patients with at least one of the findings, open-angle glaucoma, disc haemorrhages or retinal vein occlusions, disc haemorrhages were witnessed in approximately 20% of the cases with open-angle glaucoma, and were a precursor of glaucomatous disc changes and associated visual field defects....
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(01)00019-2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), are of growing importance in a world where population ageing has become a dominant global trend. Although a wide variety of risk factors for AMD have been identified, age itself remains by far the most important risk factor, making it an urgent pr...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.100825
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The flash electroretinogram (ERG) represents a serial ensemble of neural responses that can be used to objectively evaluate retinal function on a layer-by-layer basis. In this review, the seminal concepts of Granit are developed within the modern context to demonstrate how the ERG waveform can be decomposed to isolate...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.09.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Optimal retinal neuronal cell function requires an appropriate, tightly regulated environment, provided by cellular barriers, which separate functional compartments, maintain their homeostasis, and control metabolic substrate transport. Correctly regulated hemodynamics and delivery of oxygen and metabolic substrates, ...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.02.002
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ocular hypertension in glaucoma develops due to age-related cellular dysfunction in the conventional outflow tract, resulting in increased resistance to aqueous humor outflow. Two cell types, trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelia, interact in the juxtacanalicular tissue (JCT) region of the conve...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.08.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dedicator of cytokinesis (Dock) family is composed of atypical guanine exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the Rho GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. Rho GTPases are best documented for their roles in actin polymerization and they regulate important cellular functions, including morphogenesis, migration, neuronal developme...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.06.005
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cells of the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) have a regular epithelial cell shape within the tissue in situ, but for reasons that remain elusive the RPE shows an incomplete and variable ability to re-develop an epithelial phenotype after propagation in vitro. In other epithelial cell cultures, formation of an a...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.08.002
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) maintains retinal function as the metabolic gatekeeper between photoreceptors (PRs) and the choriocapillaries. The RPE and Bruch's membrane (BM) suffer cumulative damage over lifetime, which is thought to induce age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in susceptible individuals. Unl...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.02.002
更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Morphometrics, a branch of morphology, represents the study of size and shape components of biological form and their variation in the population. Assessment of optic disc morphology is essential in the diagnosis and management of many ophthalmic disorders. Much work has been performed to characterize size-related par...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2009.05.004
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims. Historically, enucleation was the first successful therapeutic approach to decrease mortality, followed over 100 years ago by th...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.05.005
更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death is the principal consequence of injury to the optic nerve. For several decades, we have understood that the RGC death process was executed by apoptosis, suggesting that there may be ways to therapeutically intervene in this cell death program and provide a more direct treatment to the...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is the most severe retinal dystrophy causing blindness or severe visual impairment before the age of 1 year. Linkage analysis, homozygosity mapping and candidate gene analysis facilitated the identification of 14 genes mutated in patients with LCA and juvenile retinal degeneration, whi...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.05.003
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historically understudied, cholesterol in the retina is receiving more attention now because of genetic studies showing that several cholesterol-related genes are risk factors for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and because of eye pathology studies showing high cholesterol content of drusen, aging Bruch's membr...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.03.002
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vitreous gel is a transparent extracellular matrix that fills the cavity behind the lens of the eye and is surrounded by and attached to the retina. This gel liquefies during ageing and in 25-30% of the oppulation the residual gel structure eventually collapses away from the posterior retina in a process called po...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(99)00016-6
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is a catabolic pathway that promotes the degradation and recycling of cellular components. Proteins, lipids, and even whole organelles are engulfed in autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosome for elimination. In response to stress, autophagy mediates the degradation of cell components, which are recycled...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2016.08.001
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene expression provides valuable insight into cell function. As such, vision researchers have frequently employed gene expression studies to better understand retinal physiology and disease. With the advent of single-cell RNA sequencing, expression experiments provide an unparalleled resolution of information. Instea...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100934
更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging techniques based on retinal autofluorescence have found broad applications in ophthalmology because they are extremely sensitive and noninvasive. Conventional fundus autofluorescence imaging measures fluorescence intensity of endogenous retinal fluorophores. It mainly derives its signal from lipofuscin at the ...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.005
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The trabecular meshwork forms most of the resistance to aqueous humor outflow needed for maintenance of a pressure gradient between intraocular pressure of approximately 17 mmHg and venous pressure of approximately 10 mmHg. The composition of the extracellular material in the subendothelial or cribriform layer seems t...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1350-9462(98)00011-1
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rationale behind hyperacute fibrinolytic therapy for cerebral and retinal arterial occlusion is to rescue ischaemic cells from irreversible damage through timely restitution of tissue perfusion. In cerebral stroke, an anoxic tissue compartment (the "infarct core") is surrounded by a hypoxic compartment (the "ischa...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2015.06.001
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) forms the outer blood-retinal barrier by regulating the movement of solutes between the fenestrated capillaries of the choroid and the photoreceptor layer of the retina. Blood-tissue barriers use various mechanisms to accomplish their tasks including membrane pumps, transporters, a...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2011.06.002
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autoimmune diseases usually follow a relapsing-remitting or a chronic progressive course. To understand the underlying immunopathogenesis we investigated experimental Lewis rat models displaying both disease types, which were only dependent on the autoantigen peptide used for immunization. Retinal S-Antigen-peptide PD...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.02.003
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins whose main function is to transport water across cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. At the ocular surface, AQP1 is expressed in corneal endothelium, AQP3 and AQP5 in corneal epithelium, and AQP3 in conjunctival epithelium. AQPs are also expressed in le...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2008.04.001
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity, NO is a gaseous signaling molecule maintaining endothelial and cardiovascular homeostasis. Principally, NO regulates the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells and permeability of endothelial cells in response to either biochemical or biomecha...
journal_title：Progress in retinal and eye research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100922
更新日期：2020-11-28 00:00:00
