Abstract：
:We tested the deme-formation hypothesis experimentally with four populations of leaf-galling grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae, and its host, canyon grape (Vitis arizonica). An experiment designed to examine preference and performance showed that phylloxera populations did not significantly prefer their original host relative to other hosts in the percent available leaves galled. There were significant herbivore population effects (P<0.01), host effects (P<0.001), and population x host interaction effects (P<0.001). Herbivore populations had different colonizing abilities (performance, as measured in the mean number of galls per leaf) on an individual host (P<0.001), but there was no host effect. Host genotype significantly affected phylloxera performance, measured as survivorship (P<0.01), but a phylloxera population did not necessarily have higher survivorship on its original host. Differences in fecundity, an-other measurement of performance, were due to intrinsic differences among herbivore populations (P<0.05), and not related to host genotype. There was no correlation between distance from a phylloxera population in the field and a host's susceptibility to attack. There was a significant positive relationship between levels of infestation on a clone in the field and its susceptibility to colonization experimentally (P<0.05), suggesting inherent differences in host resistance and susceptibility. These results did not support the deme-formation hypothesis. In a second experiment, host clone x water treatment interactions affected phylloxera survivorship (P<0.05) and fecundity (P<0.05). We conclude that host genotype x environment interactions may prevent sessile, parthenogenetic herbivores from locally adapting to individual host genotypes.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Kimberling DN,Price PWdoi
10.1007/BF00333948subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
553-559issue
4eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00333948journal_volume
107pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract：:The aim of this study was to test if females of the aphid hyperparasitoid Dendrocerus carpenteri (Curtis produce patch marks. We tested if these marks inform a foraging female of the identity of the producer of the mark (the female herself or a conspecific female) and on the producer's success or failure in finding ho...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00317313
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:From 1977 through 1983 we conducted experiments on a desert rodent community where supplemental seeds were added or certain rodent species and ants were removed from 0.25-ha fenced plots in a Chihuahuan Desert site in southeastern Arizona, USA. In this paper we examine the patterns of microhabitat use relative to vege...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00385048
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural abundance of (15)N and [N] was studied in thalli of mat-forming lichens collected from tundra and heathland sites in the northern and southern hemispheres. The study includes samples of British Cladonia portentosa from sites in regions of high and low N-loading and in heathland growing both directly on peat an...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-003-1201-z
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a tropical environment near the equator in Nairobi, Kenya, flesh fly development is nearly continuous throughout the year with only a few individuals being channeled into pupal diapause during the coldest months. Two species reared in a field cage completed 7 generations/year. Generation time for nondiapause flies ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00345543
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Canopy CO2 concentrations in a tropical rainforest in French Guiana were measured continuously for 5 days during the 1994 dry season and the 1995 wet season. Carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO2]) throughout the canopy (0.02-38 m) showed a distinct daily pattern, were well-stratified and decreased with increasing heigh...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050140
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most aphids show cyclical parthenogenesis, have short generation times and complete several generations each season. Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for the adaptive seasonal trends observed in the reproductive strategies of aphids. Firstly, individuals of each generation modify their reproductive strateg...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050422
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hypothesis that cooperative breeding entails a cost in terms of transmission of ectoparasites was tested by a comparative analysis among sympatric Australian passerines. The general trend found using the allometry method and outgroup analysis indicates that contagious ectoparasites are not more common on cooperati...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00317470
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stable isotope analyses are often used to calculate relative contributions of multiple food sources in an animal's diet. One prerequisite for a precise calculation is the determination of the diet-tissue fractionation factor. Isotopic ratios in animals are not only affected by the composition of the diet, but also by ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-003-1429-7
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interspecific interactions can vary within and among populations and geographic locations. This variation can subsequently influence the evolution and coevolution of species interactions. We investigated population and geographic variation in traits important to pollinating seed-consuming interactions between the seni...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050945
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pace-of-life syndrome describes covariation between life-history, behavioral and physiological traits; while, the emerging behavioral-bioenergetics theory proposes mechanistic links between those traits in a spatial-ecological context. However, little is known about the association between the limits to metabolic ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-020-04704-x
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trophic cascades have become a dominant paradigm in ecology, yet considerable debate remains about the relative strength of density- (consumptive) and trait-mediated (non-consumptive) effects in trophic cascades. This debate may, in part, be resolved by considering prey experience, which shapes prey traits (through ge...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-020-04610-2
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have suggested that aquatic microcrustaceans are relatively efficient dispersers in a variety of landscapes, whereas others have indicated dispersal limitation at large spatial scales or under specific circumstances. Based on a survey of a set of recently created ponds in an area of approximately 18 × ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-015-3501-5
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A simulation program on the germination of winter annuals is written in such a way that the influence of changing environmental conditions on germination characteristics such as the time of germination, the percentage of germination and the distribution function of germination is described as well as possible in accor...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01039793
更新日期：1974-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much more tannic acid or pin oak tannin is required to precipitate the abundant leaf protein, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBPC), from Manduca sexta gut fluid adjusted to pH 6.5 than is required to precipitate this protein from an aqueous buffer at the same pH. This finding demonstrates that some ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00379632
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the population structure of a high arctic breeding wader bird species, the White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis. Breeding adults, chicks and juveniles were sampled at seven localities throughout the species' breeding range in arctic Canada in 1999. The mitochondrial control region was analysed by DNA...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-002-0890-z
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ungulates are important to the diet of bears because they are high in protein, and the level of dietary protein strongly influences bear size. The size a bear obtains as an adult influences important life history characteristics, such as age of reproduction and reproductive success; therefore, it is important to know ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-019-04385-1
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gas exchange characteristics of droughted and rewatered Portulacaria afra were studied during the seasonal shift from CAM to C3 photosynthesis. 14CO2 uptake, stomatal conductance, and total titratable acidity were determined for both irrigated and 2, 4, and 7.5 month waterstressed plants from summer 1984 to summer 198...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00377114
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pronounced spatial variation in recruitment occurs in many marine invertebrate and fish populations and is thought to be critical to the demography of these species. In this study I examined the importance of habitat structure and the presence of conspecific residents to spatial variation in larval settlement and recr...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00341315
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecologists routinely set out to estimate the trophic position of individuals, populations, and species composing food webs, and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ(15)N) are a widely used proxy for trophic position. Although δ(15)N values are often sampled at the level of individuals, estimates and confidence intervals are fr...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-013-2715-7
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many mechanisms have been proposed to explain broad scale spatial patterns in species richness. In this paper, we evaluate five explanations for geographic gradients in species richness, using South American owls as a model. We compared the explanatory power of contemporary climate, landcover diversity, spatial climat...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-004-1577-4
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several mistletoe species are able to grow and reproduce on both deciduous and evergreen hosts, suggesting a degree of plasticity in their ability to cope with differences in intrinsic host functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of host phenology on mistletoe water relations and leaf gas exc...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-015-3519-8
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dissection of 1,941 specimens provided data on reproductive cycles in six genera of skinks and three genera of agamids from the Alligator Rivers Region of Australia's Northern Territory. Comparative data on lizards from the temperate zone were gathered by dissecting specimens of three genera, and by reviewing publishe...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00790016
更新日期：1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sea urchin, Lytechinus variegatus, has been estimated to consume between 50 and 90% of annual net aboveground production in selected turtlegrass (Thalassia testudinum) meadows in the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Nevertheless, turtlegrass persists where sea urchin grazing is intense. We hypothesized that turtlegrass pro...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050300
更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trirhabda bacharidis (Weber) (Chrysomelidae), a univoltine, monophagous beetle is the dominant herbivore on Baccharis halimifolia (Compositae), a woody, perennial shrub that leafs out in early spring and retains its leaves into November. Available plant biomass increases during the season but T. bacharidis feeds only ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00363829
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of drought on embryonic development and on hatching was studied in 13 European Tettigoniidae species. Drought can affect development in three different ways: (1) Embryonic development proceeds slower than if the eggs are in contact with water; (2) it stops (for final diapause) in an earlier embryonic stage;...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00379915
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One hypothesis for amphibian declines is that increased dryness attributed to global climate change exposes amphibians to greater biotic threat and, consequently, greater mortality. But, little is known about behavioral responses of terrestrial amphibians to dry conditions alone or in combination with biotic threats. ...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00442-003-1206-7
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is no correlation between protein-precipitating capacity and either total phenolic or proanthocyanidin content of extracts of mature foliage from six species of oaks: Quercus alba (white oak), Q. bicolor (swamp white oak), Q. macrocarpa (bur oak), Q. palustris (pin oak), Q. rubra (red oak), and Q. velutina (blac...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00378394
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether the sea star Asterias forbesi and the naticid gastropod Euspira heros feed on surfclams, Spisula solidissima, in an additive or non-additive manner. Predators were allowed to feed on clams with conspecifics and in the presence of the other predator species. Cl...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s004420050808
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Individual male and female Bufo woodhousei spent only two or three nights of the several week breeding season in the pond. In spite of the continual arriving and leaving of individuals the operational sex ratio (the number of females available to mate/number of males attempting to mate) varied little, either temporall...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00379020
更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Common generalizations concerning the ecologic significance of C4 photosynthesis were tested in a study of plant gas exchange, productivity, carbon balance, and water use in monospecific communities of C3 and C4 salt desert shrubs. Contrary to expectations, few of the hypotheses concerning the performance of C4 specie...
journal_title：Oecologia
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00345803
更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00
