Abstract:
:Most aphids show cyclical parthenogenesis, have short generation times and complete several generations each season. Two hypotheses have been proposed to account for the adaptive seasonal trends observed in the reproductive strategies of aphids. Firstly, individuals of each generation modify their reproductive strategy in direct response to the conditions they experience during their development. Secondly, the reproductive strategies of the different generations are to a large extent programmed and anticipate seasonal trends in habitat quality. These hypotheses were tested by rearing individuals of three generations of the host-alternating willow-carrot aphid, Cavariella aegopodii, on both willow and carrot. This revealed that the way this aphid allocates resources to gonads and lipid reserves is independent of an aphid's weight and the host plant on which it is reared. In addition each generation shows a specific relationship between offspring size and adult size, which tends to keep the absolute investment in individual offspring relatively constant from generation to generation, inspite of the big differences in adult size between generations. That is, through programmed allometric engineering aphids anticipate the predictable seasonal trends in habitat quality and so more closely track their resources, investing relatively more in gonads when food quality is high and relatively more in lipoidal reserves when food quality is poor.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Dixon AF,Kundu Rdoi
10.1007/s004420050422subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-03-01 00:00:00pages
73-78issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/s004420050422journal_volume
114pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::Clonal plants have more traits enabling individual persistence (larger belowground storage of buds and assimilates), whereas non-clonal plants have more traits enabling population persistence (a higher reliance on regeneration from seeds). This difference presumably makes those groups respond differently to disturbanc...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04724-7
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plagiotropic plants, axillary buds on the stolon can be exposed to low red:far-red (R:FR) ratios, while the leaves may be positioned in the uppermost layer of the sward where they are exposed to a high R:FR ratio. We tested whether the light environment of unfolded leaves influences outgrowth of the axillary buds a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050263
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although consumers often rely on chemical information to optimize their foraging strategies, it is poorly understood how top carnivores above the third trophic level find resources in heterogeneous environments. Hyperparasitoids are a common group of organisms in the fourth trophic level that lay their eggs in or on t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04352-w
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurements were made of the photosynthetic gas exchange properties and water use efficiency of 19 species of mangrove in 9 estuaries with different salinity and climatic regimes in north eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Stomatal conductance and CO2 assimilation rates differed significantly between species at ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378237
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedlings of six subtropical rainforest tree species representing early (Omalanthus populifolius, Solanum aviculare), middle (Duboisia myoporoides, Euodia micrococca) and late (Acmena ingens, Argyrodendron actinophyllum) successional stages in forest development were grown in a glasshouse, under four levels of neutral...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00323788
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many animals have seasonally plastic diets to take advantage of seasonally abundant plant resources, such as fruit or nectar. Switches from insectivorous diets that are protein rich to fruits or nectar that are carbohydrate rich present physiological challenges, but are routinely done by insectivorous songbirds during...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2771-z
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::CO2 exchange characteristics and the activity of the carboxylating enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEP-C, E.C. 4.1.1.31) and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBP-C, E.C. 4.1.1.39) during one year in the greenhouse and at two levels of light and temperature in growth chambers were determined in the C3-C...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00388473
更新日期:1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One explanation for long-term fluctuations in population density is that the intensity of interactions between species is variable. A population can experience variation in the intensity of a species interaction if (1) the density of species with which it directly interacts changes and/or (2) the strength of the inter...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050788
更新日期:1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hemiepiphytic species in the genera Clusia and Ficus were investigated to study their mode of photosynthetic metabolism when growing under natural conditions. Despite growing sympatrically in many areas and having the same growth habit, some Clusia species show Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) whereas all species of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378927
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The changing populations of weeds during 13 years of the Broadbalk continuous wheat experiment were analysed to investigate the extent of differences in shortterm variability of cover between species. The data were from two sections of the experiment where winter wheat was grown continuously under herbicide treatment ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317108
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Marion Island (47°S, 38°E) has one of the most oceanic climates on earth, with consistently low air temperatures, high precipitation, constantly high humidity, and low incident radiation. Since 1968 mean surface air temperature has increased significantly, by 0.025° C year-1. This was strongly associated with correspo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317338
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among 13 tropical tree species on Barro Colorado Island, species with high seedling mortality rates during the first year in shade had higher reltive growth rates (RGR) from germination to 2 months in both sun (23% full sun) and shade [2%, with and without lowered red: far red (R:FR) ratio] than shade tolerant species...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00324232
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plants of the cerrado tree species Qualea grandiflora and the annual herb Bidens gardneri were grown from seed in controlled environment rooms at 30/20° C and 12 hour photoperiod. Seedlings were grown in pots or small tubes containing sand and provided with various amounts of mineral solutions based on the formulation...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00318536
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analysis has been routinely used as an ecological tracer for animal movement and migration, yet a biochemical understanding of how animals incorporate this element in the synthesis of tissues is poorly resolved. Here, we apply a new analytical tool, amino acid (AA) δ2H analysis, in a controlled ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04730-9
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A widely cited benefit of predator diversity is greater suppression of insect herbivores, with corresponding increases in plant biomass. In the context of a vector-borne pathogen system, predator species richness may also influence plant disease risk via the direct effects of predators on the abundance and behavior of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-014-3194-1
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two primarily granivorous rodents of Old World deserts,Gerbillus allenbyi (mean adult body mass=26 g) andG. pyramidum (mean adult body mass=40 g), coexist in sandy habitats in the northwestern Negev desert. Both species are burrow dwellers and are nocturnal; however, in their overall distributions,G. pyramidum occurs ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01875454
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten populations of the perennial herb, Liatris acidota Engelm. & Gray (Compositae), growing on the Texas Gulf Coast (USA) were analyzed for age structure, frequency of predation, and frequency of asexual reproduction. Nine of the ten populations exhibited non-stable age distributions due to a deficiency of young non-s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344693
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing popularity of stable isotope analysis (SIA) as an ecological research tool and the ease of automated analysis have created a knowledge gap between ecologists using SIA and the operators of isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) equipment. This has led to deterioration in the understanding of IRMS method...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0013-8
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A model is presented that simulates nitrogen uptake and response to nitrogen deficiency by a growing annual plant canopy. It is a descriptive model as it is not based on a detailed definition of the biochemical processes involved. It does incorporate a considerable amount of experimental knowledge about these processe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00020264
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding social evolution requires us to understand the processes regulating the number of breeders within social groups and how they partition reproduction. Queens in polygynous (multiple queens per colony) ants often seek adoption in established colonies instead of founding a new colony independently. This mode...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1101-3
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The model of Meats (1974a) is tested against Laughlin's (1967a) data on growth in the field. A good measure of agreement is found. The model is then used to investigate the consequences of the univoltine T. paludosa starting its life cycle (flight season) at various dates in the range quoted by Coulson (1962)-i.e. fro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00369096
更新日期:1975-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetic properties of NAD malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were analyzed in two genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana collected in two sites of contrasting climates. Plants from each genotype were acclimated under controlled conditions at four different thermoperiods: 5-10° C, 7-15°...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379515
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term effects of environmental perturbations on various life history traits are reasonably well documented in birds and mammals. But, in the present context of global climate change, there is a need to consider potential long-term effects of natal conditions to better understand and predict the consequences of th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1482-y
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions among granivores and seeds depend on the foraging behaviour and morphology of the granivores and on the attributes and availability of seeds. We investigated seed selection by the seed harvesting ant Messor bouvieri in three adjacent plant communities in Spain by relating the harvested seeds to those in t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/PL00008889
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::I suggest that between-community variations in diversity patterns during succession in plant communities are due to the effects of selection on life history strategies under different disturbance regimes. Natural disturbances to plant communities are simultaneously a source of mortality for some individuals and a sour...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346960
更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The respiratory physiology of four species of Australian desert-dwelling beetle was examined using a flow-through respirometry system over the temperature range of 20-40°C. The two species of tenebrionid beetles (Heleus waitei and Pterohelaeus sp.) did not exhibit the discontinuous gas exchange cycles (DGC), a mechani...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100772
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two annual species of Bromus, an invader (B. hordeaceus, ex B. mollis) and a non-invader (B. intermedius), were grown for 28 days in growth chambers, at 5 and 100 μM NO 3- in flowing nutrient solution. No differences between the two species were observed at either NO 3- level, in terms of relative growth rate (RGR) or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378673
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard infra-red gas analysis techniques were used to compare the photosynthesis of the liverworts Marchantia foliacea Mitt. and Monoclea forsteri Hook. Parameters measured include net photosynthetic rates, light response curves, quantum efficiencies, diffusive resistances to CO2 and water, apparent photorespiration...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378404
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spartina alterniflora has been reported to lose significant amounts of oxygen to its rhizosphere with potentially important effects on salt-marsh biogeochemical cycling and plant productivity. The potential significance of this oxidative pathway was evaluated using laboratory split-chamber experiments to quantify oxyg...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00325879
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::I assessed the impact of both vertebrate and invertebrate predators on a lotic benthic community in a 1-month-long experiment, using enclosures containing cobble/gravel bottoms, with large-mesh netting that allowed invertebrates to drift freely. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) and leeches (Erpobdella octoculata) were used ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050651
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00