Spines protect plants against browsing by small climbing mammals.

abstract：:To establish a general model for the removal rate of periphyton by grazers, we identified 27 publications in which removal rates could be estimated from grazer enclosure or exclosure experiments. When all the measurements obtained under different experimental conditions were extracted, these publications provided 107 ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Cattaneo A,Mousseau B

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ecological systems have naturally high interannual variance in phenology. Component species have presumably evolved to maintain appropriate phenologies under historical climates, but cases of inappropriate phenology can be expected with climate change. Understanding controls on phenology permits predictions of ecologi...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Valtonen A,Ayres MP,Roininen H,Pöyry J,Leinonen R

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The great majority of Eucalyptus spp. are facultative resprouters, and they dominate the eucalypt forests of Australia. Despite this numeric and geographic dominance, there is a general lack of knowledge of their capacity for carbon capture and water loss during canopy reinstation. After a crown-removing fire, we meas...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Turnbull TL,Buckley TN,Barlow AM,Adams MA

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of plant defence against herbivores may include the attraction by volatile infochemicals of natural enemies of the herbivore. The emitted volatiles that mediate this attraction may also affect the behaviour of the herbivore itself. In this paper we investigate the response of the herbivorous spider miteTetra...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Dicke M,Dijkman H

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In previous papers we have described and verified a primary production model of the desert shrub Larrea tridentata. Here we address the validation phase of the evaluation of this model. Two versions of the model which differ in the priority scheme used for allocating carbon to reproductive or vegetative organs were co...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Reynolds JF,Cunningham GL

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We modeled the dynamics of a metapopulation of the land snail Arianta arbustorum in north-eastern Switzerland to investigate the effect of population subdivision on the persistence of a land snail metapopulation and to analyze the interaction between spatial factors, population subdivision, and catastrophes. We develo...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Akçakaya HR,Baur B

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As described earlier, the native arido-active perennial Hammada scoparia and the cultivated Prunus armeniaca exhibit characteristic seasonal shifts of their temperature optimum of net photosynthesis (OP) under desert conditions in the Negev. In the present paper the OP values were compared with the actual tissue tempe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Lange OL,Schulze ED,Evenari M,Kappen L,Buschbom U

更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental ponds were used as a model system of habitat patches to study the effect of habitat size on the relative growth performance of tadpoles of Bufo americanus and Pseudacris triseriata, and on colonization by predatory insects. Three pond depths and surface areas were habitat size treatments in a replicated, ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pearman PB

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of processing of beech leaf litter (Fagus sylvatica L.) of different ages by the diplopodGlomeris marginata (Villers) on status and turnover of microorganisms was investigated in the laboratory. Microbial biomass, basal respiration and metabolic quotient of litter-material from three different beechwood sit...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Maraun M,Scheu S

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Herbivore-induced defences appear ubiquitous across most biomes and habitats. Yet the direct correlation between induced changes in host plant chemistry and the population dynamics of the herbivore remain untested in many systems. In plant-herbivore interactions in the terrestrial environment, indirect or tritrophic i...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Coleman RA,Ramchunder SJ,Davis KM,Moody AJ,Foggo A

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions in a globally changing world it is crucial to understand the effect of land use on ecosystem processes such as pollination. Floral colouration is known to be central in plant-pollinator interactions. To date, it is still unknown whether land use affects the colouration ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Binkenstein J,Renoult JP,Schaefer HM

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most food webs use taxonomic or trophic species as building blocks, thereby collapsing variability in feeding linkages that occurs during the growth and development of individuals. This issue is particularly relevant to integrating parasites into food webs because parasites often undergo extreme ontogenetic niche shif...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Preston DL,Jacobs AZ,Orlofske SA,Johnson PT

更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The foraging behavior of Mesocyclops edax in artificial patches of high and low prey density was examined. In low density patches Mesocyclops swam in an irregular curvilinear path with little or no looping behavior. In high density patches Mesocyclops exhibited extensive horizontal and vertical looping behavior. Horiz...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Williamson CE

更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prosopis is a genus of phreatophytic trees inhabiting hot deserts and semiarid grasslands of the world. Although desert trees are exposed to unusual environmental temperature and water stress, few investigations have evaluated their water relations. This is particularly true for Prosopis species growing in areas where...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nilsen ET,Rundel PW,Sharifi MR

更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field thermal biology of sympatric Anolis cooki and A. cristatellus were evaluated in January and in August in desert scrub forest at Playa de Tamarindo near Guanica, Puerto Rico. Data on randomly positioned copper models of lizards, each equipped with a built-in thermocouple, established null hypotheses about bas...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hertz PE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Local adaptation and population differentiation of plants are well documented, but studies on interactions with natural enemies are rare. In particular, evidence for plant adaptation to the local biotic environment, such as herbivores remains poor. We used the black mustard Brassica nigra, an annual species of river v...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bischoff A,Trémulot S

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Agricultural intensification (AI) is currently a major driver of biodiversity loss and related ecosystem functioning decline. However, spatio-temporal changes in community structure induced by AI, and their relation to ecosystem functioning, remain largely unexplored. Here, we analysed 16 quantitative cereal aphid-par...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Gagic V,Hänke S,Thies C,Scherber C,Tomanović Z,Tscharntke T

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the effect of increased N-supply on productivity and potential litter decay rates of Carex species, which are the dominant vascular plant species in peatlands in the Netherlands. We hypothesized that: (1) under conditions of N-limited plant growth, increased N-supply will lead to increased productivity...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Aerts R,van Logtestijn R,van Staalduinen M,Toet S

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Canada mayflower (Maianthemum canadense Desf.), a rhizomatous, perennial herb, was the subject of a 2-year field experiment that examined two factors potentially affecting fruit and seed production: pollen addition and ramet isolation. Ramets were either open pollinated or overpollinated by hand to supplement natural ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Ganger MT

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition between wintertime net carbon loss and springtime net carbon assimilation has an important role in controlling the annual rate of carbon uptake in coniferous forest ecosystems. We studied the contributions of springtime carbon assimilation to the total annual rate of carbon uptake and the processes invo...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Monson RK,Sparks JP,Rosenstiel TN,Scott-Denton LE,Huxman TE,Harley PC,Turnipseed AA,Burns SP,Backlund B,Hu J

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine whether the sea star Asterias forbesi and the naticid gastropod Euspira heros feed on surfclams, Spisula solidissima, in an additive or non-additive manner. Predators were allowed to feed on clams with conspecifics and in the presence of the other predator species. Cl...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Weissberger EJ

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent research has shown that many mutualistic communities display non-random structures. While our understanding of the structural properties of mutualistic communities continues to improve, we know little of the biological variables resulting in them. Mutualistic communities include those formed between ants and ex...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Chamberlain SA,Kilpatrick JR,Holland JN

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bryophytes dominate the carbon and nitrogen cycling of many poorly drained terrestrial ecosystems and are important in the vegetation-atmosphere exchange of carbon and water, yet few studies have estimated their leaf area at the stand scale. This study quantified the bryophyte-specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area in...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Bond-Lamberty B,Gower ST

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of pollination, predispersal seed predation, and plant density upon seed production of Astragalus canadensis L. in a tall-grass prairie were studied by experimental manipulation of plant density. Seed production was greater at high than low plant densities; this was inferred to result from differences in p...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Platt WJ,Hill GR,Clark S

更新日期：1974-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of positive interspecific interactions within physically stressful habitats has received increased attention from community ecologists. The exposed sandy beach is an example of a physically rigorous environment where biological interactions have long been considered insignificant. We examined the intera...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Manning LM,Lindquist N

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fruit survival patterns, from fertilization to maturation, were examined for Carya ovata and C. tomentosa in a New Jersey USA forest. We observed fruiting and shoot growth characteristics over a 3-yr period to determine: (1) the patterns of fruit survivorship (from initiation to maturity) within and among years, (2) t...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： McCarthy BC,Quinn JA

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the course of a 10-year investigation on the population dynamics of Dryocosmus kuriphilus, a rapid decrease in the number of individuals was noticed in the adult stage. To detect the role of predation by spiders in causing this high adult mortality, spiders collected from the survey station were tested for thei...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Nakamura M,Nakamura K

更新日期：1977-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We compare results of field study and model analysis of two butterfly populations to evaluate the importance of alternative mechanisms causing changes in abundance. Although understanding and predicting population fluctuations is a central goal of population ecology, it is not often achieved because long-term abundanc...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： McLaughlin JF,Hellmann JJ,Boggs CL,Ehrlich PR

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Predator-generated variation in prey energy intake remains the dominant explanation of adaptive response to predation risk in prey life history, morphology and physiology across a wide range of taxa. This "behavioural hypothesis" suggest that chemical or visual signals of predation risk reduce prey energy intake leadi...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Beckerman AP,Wieski K,Baird DJ

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tree species Xylocarpus granatum is commonly described as occurring in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests, but mature trees are occasionally found at lower elevations. In the Utwe River basin, on the Pacific island of Kosrae, we investigated the relative importance of several biotic and abiotic factors ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Allen JA,Krauss KW,Hauff RD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00