Abstract:
:Competition for space is an important process on tropical coral reefs. Few studies have examined the role sponges play in community structure despite the fact that many sponges are competitively superior to reef-building corals in space acquisition. Surveys conducted throughout the Florida Keys indicated that Chondrilla nucula was involved in about 30% of all coral-sponge interactions; this sponge has also been observed in 40-50% of coral-sponge interactions on other Caribbean reefs. C. nucula is also the top prey item of the Hawksbill turtle, and among the preferred prey of several spongivorous fish. I examined how predation influenced sponge competitive abilities (particularly those of C. nucula), and whether this type of indirect effect had important consequences for community dynamics in the Florida Keys. Exclusion of sponge predators (primarily angelfish) resulted in increased sponge overgrowth, with a subsequent greater loss of coral cover, compared to uncaged pairwise interactions. When caged, the corals Dichocoenia stokesii and Siderastrea sideraea lost significantly greater surface area and number of polyps to the sponge C. nucula compared to uncaged interactions. For caged interactions involving the sponge Ectyoplasia ferox, there was a trend for greater loss of S. sideraea surface area and polyps compared to uncaged interactions. Predation had a greater affect on C. nucula than on any of the other sponges examined. Predator exclusion experiments performed with naturally occurring coral-sponge interactions demonstrated a significant decrease in total coral cover compared to uncaged controls. It is proposed that indirect effects arising from spongivory (especially consumption of C. nucula) may have large community consequences. Species diversity on Caribbean reefs may be maintained, at least in part, by spongivores.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Hill MSdoi
10.1007/s004420050642subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-11-01 00:00:00pages
143-150issue
1-2eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/s004420050642journal_volume
117pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::Temperature regulation and oxygen consumption were examined in two species of grasshoppers: Melanoplus sanguinipes from cold alpine tundra at elevation 3,800 m, and Trimerotropis pallidipennis from hot desert habitats at elevation 250 m. Both species utilized behavioral thermoregulation to keep body temperature (T b )...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378228
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ten populations of the perennial herb, Liatris acidota Engelm. & Gray (Compositae), growing on the Texas Gulf Coast (USA) were analyzed for age structure, frequency of predation, and frequency of asexual reproduction. Nine of the ten populations exhibited non-stable age distributions due to a deficiency of young non-s...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00344693
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Northern deer populations are typically partially migratory, but the relationship between migratory movements and parasites has received little attention. Migration often involves movement from a low-elevation winter range towards a summer range at higher elevation. In Europe these movements may also involve a gradien...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3465-5
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecologists have long debated the role of predation in mediating the coexistence of prey species. Theory has mainly taken a bitrophic perspective that excludes the effects of inducible defenses at different trophic levels. However, inducible defenses could either limit or enhance the effects of predation on coexistence...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1111-1
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosynthetic induction under constant and fluctuating light conditions was investigated in intact leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza and Toona australis, two species native to Australian rainforests. When leaves were exposed to saturating light following a long period at low light intensity, an induction period of 25-40...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00410357
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::(i) The growth of ca. 100 individuals of a small deciduous tree Euphorbia pyrifolia, of different ages and edaphic regimes, and with different levels of infestation by the coccid Icerya seychellarum, has been studied on Aldabra Atoll over two years (1976-1978). Infestation on leaves ranged between 0 and 1.3 mg dry wei...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00540123
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 1989, 313 foraging flights of common terns in the Wadden Sea were radio-tracked. The feeding trips lasted on average 115 min covering about 30 km per flight. Completely tracked flights had a mean radius of 6.3 km. The terns preferred distinct foraging areas in the Wadden Sea. These were visited at site-specific pha...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317883
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterotrophic gains of carbon from various host species by the root hemiparasitic shrub Olax phyllanthi (Labill) R.Br. were assessed using techniques based on carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C) on C3 and C4 hosts and C:N ratios of xylem sap and dry matter of host and parasite. Heterotrophic benefits (H) to Olax base...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328740
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of seventeen plant extracts rich in phenolic materials, including condensed and hydrolysable tannins, have been subjected to a series of chemical analyses in an attempt to gather ecologically significant information about their structure. Procedures investigated were (i) the Folin-Denis and Hagerman and Butle...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385058
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theoretical predictions from a simulation model of insect distributions and dispersal among isolated food plants have been tested with data gathered from 13 Cinnabar moth populations. Agreement with the predictions was good. Egg batch size was equal to or slightly larger than the number which could be supported by the...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00545484
更新日期:1976-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In fasting Pisidium amnicum and Sphaerium corneum, regular periods of behavioural and metabolic quiescence were shown to occur in the normoxic, constant environment of the flow-through chamber of a heat-flow microcalorimeter. The metabolic rate was suppressed to 7.5% of normal at 10° C and to 8.5-9.7% at 20° C for per...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317674
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The percent of species of the Cyperaceae possessing the C4 pathway was calculated for twenty-five regions of North America. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to determine which climatic variables were most highly correlated with the percent C4 species among the various regions. The square of the mean Ju...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00398522
更新日期:1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::C(4) plants are rare in cool climates, an ecological pattern attributable to their poor photosynthetic performance at low temperatures relative to C(3) species. However, some C(4) species are able to persist at high latitudes and high elevations, possibly due to the characteristics of the particular microsites they in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1369-2
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of tree height on shoot traits may in some cases differ in magnitude and direction from the effects of light. Nevertheless, general patterns of change in shoot traits in relation to variations in height and light have not so far been revealed. A comprehensive analysis of the differences between the effects...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2744-2
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The community structure of sedentary organisms is largely controlled by the outcome of direct competition for space. Understanding factors defining competitive outcomes among neighbors is thus critical for predicting large-scale changes, such as transitions to alternate states within coral reefs. Using a spatially exp...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2156-0
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two atlantic voyages were made by the FS Meteor during which pollen and spores were collected from the air. In the course of 32 days the average pollen content was 29/100 m3 air, the average spore content came to 5x104/100 m3 air. Both voyages occurred in late autumn. On the trip from Hamburg to the Azores the spore c...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00345425
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work suggests that soil nutrient heterogeneity may modulate plant responses to drivers of global change, but interactions between N heterogeneity and changes in rainfall regime remain poorly understood. We used a model grassland system to investigate the interactive effects of N application pattern (homogeneous...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3289-3
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disturbance is now recognized as a key ecosystem process but few studies have examined its indirect effects on individuals in a population or its relationship to ecological dominance in a community. Using an ecologically dominant small mammal population in experimentally burned habitat as a model, I empirically tested...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1925-0
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that natural heat stress on wild larval Drosophila melanogaster results in severe developmental defects in >10% of eclosing adults, and that increased copy number of the gene encoding the major inducible heat shock protein of D. melanogaster, Hsp70, is sufficient to reduce the incidence of such abnormal...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050935
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined how independent and interactive effects of CO2 concentrations, water supply and wind speed affect growth rates, biomass partitioning, water use efficiency, diffusive conductance and stomatal density of plants. To test the prediction that wind stress will be ameliorated by increased CO2 and/or by unrestrict...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317118
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) has been widely used to study the relationship between nitrogen uptake and dry mass production in the plant. As a subsystem of plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), I have defined leaf-level NUE as the surplus production (gross production minus leaf respiration) per unit amount of nitrogen...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2223-6
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality estimates for the immature stages of two butterfly species, Danaus plexippus and D. chrysippus, were obtained by observing the survival of egg cohorts on different sized patches of food plants (Asclepias spp.), over a one-year period. Losses were variable (0-100%) but usually high (90% and over) throughout t...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00545664
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dolman (1995) measured the intake rates of snow buntings feeding on seed patches at difference bird densities, for each of two different seed densities. Interference occurred in the low food density treatment, with intake rate declining at high bird densities, but did not occur in the high food density treatment. Dolm...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00333720
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The remains of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) are among the most abundant of pinniped elements recovered from mainland coastal archaeological sites in both California and Oregon. This is surprising as all contemporary northern fur seals breed exclusively on offshore islands, primarily at high latitudes, and ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100631
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical resource- and the less studied ratio-dependent models of predator-prey relationships provide divergent predictions as to the sustained ecological effects of bottom-up forcing. While resource-dependent models, which consider only instantaneous prey density in modelling predator responses, predict community re...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0481-5
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conspecific attraction is the preferential settlement into habitat patches with conspecifics. To be a good proximate strategy, fitness gains from settling with conspecifics must outweigh the costs of higher conspecific densities, such as intraspecific competition. Two types of benefits have been proposed to explain co...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0419-y
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aboveground herbivory is well known to change plant growth and defence. In contrast, effects of soil organisms, acting alone or in concert, on allocation patterns are less well understood. We investigated separate and combined effects of the endogeic earthworm species Aporrectodea caliginosa and the root feeding nemat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1306-0
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although ontogenetic changes in the carbon isotope ratios of marine fauna have been well studied those of freshwater organisms have not. As a result, we may have a less than adequate assessment of the incorporation of allochthonous detritus into freshwater foodwebs. This study found a δ13C range of 9‰ for crayfish (Or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00327908
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the community composition of soil microbes on ecosystem processes has received relatively little attention. Here we examined the variation in soil microbial composition in a Yellowstone National Park grassland and the effect of that variation on the growth, in a greenhouse, of the dominant grass in the c...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-003-1385-2
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Habitat fragmentation modifies ecological patterns and processes through changes in species richness and abundance. In the coastal Maulino forest, central Chile, both species richness and abundance of insectivorous birds increases in forest fragments compared to continuous forest. Through a field experiment, we examin...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-005-0338-3
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00