Why do only certain insects escape from a spider's web?

abstract：:We investigated seasonality of gender differences in the patterns of flea infestation in nine rodent species to test if sex-biased parasitism in terms of mean abundance, species richness, prevalence and the level of aggregation (a) varies among hosts and between seasons, and (b) is linked to sexual size dimorphism. Se...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Krasnov BR,Morand S,Hawlena H,Khokhlova IS,Shenbrot GI

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the relationships between body size and (a) abundance and (b) host specificity in fleas parasitic on small mammals (rodents and shrews) in the Palearctic taking into account the confounding effect of phylogeny. We tested these relationships both across 127 flea species and within separate phylogenetic clade...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Surkova EN,Warburton EM,van der Mescht L,Khokhlova IS,Krasnov BR

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One explanation for long-term fluctuations in population density is that the intensity of interactions between species is variable. A population can experience variation in the intensity of a species interaction if (1) the density of species with which it directly interacts changes and/or (2) the strength of the inter...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Chalcraft DR,Andrews RM

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the water-soluble thiol (SH) content and the osmolality of the cell sap in spruce trees of both low- and high-altitude origin that were transplanted to two test areas at different altitudes (400 m and 1700 m). There was little or no significant difference in SH content and osmotic value between trees of ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grill D,Pfeifhofer H,Tschulik A,Hellig K,Holzer K

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Warming effects on shoot growth, production, reproductive activity, and vegetation structure of alpine shrubs were measured over 5 years in a mid-latitude alpine fellfield in northern Japan. Open-top chambers (OTC) increased the daily mean air-temperature by 1.5-2.3 degrees C throughout the growing season but the effe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kudo G,Suzuki S

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis whether differences between plant populations in root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi could be caused by genetic differentiation between populations. In addition, we investigated whether the response to AM fungi differs between plants from different populations and if it is a...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pánková H,Münzbergová Z,Rydlová J,Vosátka M

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Canopy structure and tree species diversity, shaped by succession, disturbance, and community composition, are linked to numerous ecosystem functions, including net primary production (NPP). Understanding of how ecosystem structural metrics are interrelated and mechanistically link to NPP, however, is incomplete. We c...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Scheuermann CM,Nave LE,Fahey RT,Nadelhoffer KJ,Gough CM

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Four shrub species of the Australian Proteaceae (Hakea sericea, H. gibbosa, H. suaveolens and H. salicifolia) were introduced to South African fynbos shrublands between 1840 and 1860. H. sericea is highly invasive, H. gibbosa and H. suaveolens are moderately invasive and H. salicifolia is not invasive. The allocation ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Richardson DM,Van Wilgen BW,Mitchell DT

更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the sessile hermit crab Discorsopagurus schmitti, four different feeding techniques are described: antennary beating, body-trap feeding, feeding on wafting particles, and scraping. This species' potential for being a generalist in its diet and opportunistic in its foraging behavior certainly opened the way for a se...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Gherardi F

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several studies have suggested that aquatic microcrustaceans are relatively efficient dispersers in a variety of landscapes, whereas others have indicated dispersal limitation at large spatial scales or under specific circumstances. Based on a survey of a set of recently created ponds in an area of approximately 18 × ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Juračka PJ,Declerck SA,Vondrák D,Beran L,Černý M,Petrusek A

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The illumination level at which the pike (Esox lucius) eats most Leucaspius delineatus was compared to that at which the school of Leucaspius disperses.The pike easts Leucaspius predominantly when there is little light (50-75% of its entire prey at less than 1 Lux).The school of Leucaspius gradually disperses at less ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Dobler E

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We tested the hypothesis that generally higher levels of herbivory on bittercress in sun vs in shade, especially by leaf miners, were related to the earlier phenological development of plants in the sun. Naturally-occurring plants in the sun were taller and had longer leaves than did those in the shade during the firs...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Collinge SK,Louda SM

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most theoretical models for the evolution of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) rely upon differential fitness of male and female offspring incubated under different thermal regimes. However, there are few convincing data on this topic. We studied incubation effects in a lizard species (Bassiana duperreyi, ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Elphick MJ,Shine R

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Net photosynthetic rates for the lichen Parmelia praesignis Nyl. were obtained as a function of 5 light levels, 5 temperature levels, and of water content as thalli dried from saturated conditions. Data are described as second order polynomials in the light, and as saturation curves in the dark. Rates in the light wer...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Link SO,Nash TH 3rd

更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pycnogonum litorale has a terminal anecdysis. After attaining maturity it does not moult again. Maturity can be attained at different body size, the female usually being larger than the male.The pre-adult instar can also be entered at various body sizes. The duration of the pre-adult instar depends upon body size: At ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Schmidt HW

更新日期：1971-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tree species Xylocarpus granatum is commonly described as occurring in the upper intertidal zone of mangrove forests, but mature trees are occasionally found at lower elevations. In the Utwe River basin, on the Pacific island of Kosrae, we investigated the relative importance of several biotic and abiotic factors ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Allen JA,Krauss KW,Hauff RD

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental plots covering a 120 years' observation period in unthinned, even-aged pure stands of common beech (Fagus sylvatica), Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and common oak (Quercus Petraea) are used to scrutinize Reineke's (1933) empirically derived stand density rule [see text], N=tr...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Pretzsch H

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of intact involucral leaves of Anemone raddeana were investigated under laboratory conditions. Net photosynthesis and constant water vapor pressure deficit showed almost the same seasonal trend. They increased rapidly from mid-April immediately after unfolding of ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Yoshie F,Yoshida S

更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Globally, dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) are linked to many critical ecosystem processes involving the consumption and breakdown of mammal dung. Endemic New Zealand dung beetles (Canthonini) are an anomaly, occurring at high abundance and low diversity on an island archipelago historically lacking terrestri...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Stavert JR,Gaskett AC,Scott DJ,Beggs JR

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data on flower colour polymorphism were recorded for 341 of some 426 species of Erica occurring in the south-western Cape, South Africa. Thirty-eight per cent of these Erica species are colour polymorphic, the incidence of polymorphism being greater than expected for ornithophilous species and lower than expected for ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Rebelo AG,Siegfried WR

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The abundance and composition of the submerged macrophyte seed bank in the Doñana marsh (southwestern Spain) was evaluated to assess its relationship with the overlying vegetation. The results obtained demonstrate the existence of a dense seed-bank, both in terms of the number of seeds and their biomass, which represe...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Grillas P,Garcia-Murillo P,Geertz-Hansen O,Marbá N,Montes C,Duarte CM,Tan Ham L,Grossmann A

更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 10 million years, tropical savanna environments have selected for small growth forms within woody plant lineages. The result has been the evolution of subshrubs (geoxyles), presumably as an adaptation to frequent fire. To evaluate the traits associated with the shift from tree to subshrub growth forms, w...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Giroldo AB,Scariot A,Hoffmann WA

更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stable isotope analyses are often used to calculate relative contributions of multiple food sources in an animal's diet. One prerequisite for a precise calculation is the determination of the diet-tissue fractionation factor. Isotopic ratios in animals are not only affected by the composition of the diet, but also by ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Gaye-Siessegger J,Focken U,Muetzel S,Abel H,Becker K

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans are rapidly altering thermal landscapes, so a central challenge to organismal ecologists is to better understand the thermal niches of ectotherms. However, there is much disagreement over how we should go about this. Some ecologists assume that a statistical model of abundance as a function of habitat temperatu...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Stoffels RJ,Richardson AJ,Vogel MT,Coates SP,Müller WJ

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A water flux model with daily resolution is described which permits one to assess how changes in the rooting volume, amount of sapwood, leaf area and conductance properties interact to affect water uptake, internal storage, and transpiration.A root zone water compartment is defined for a particular tree on the basis o...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Running SW,Waring RH,Rydell RA

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We obtined data on body mass and growth rates for the immature members of two groups of wild baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Data were collected without feeding, trapping, or handling. The data were separated into cross-sectional and longitudinal components, allowing both the examination of body mass-age rel...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Altmann J,Alberts S

更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding social evolution requires us to understand the processes regulating the number of breeders within social groups and how they partition reproduction. Queens in polygynous (multiple queens per colony) ants often seek adoption in established colonies instead of founding a new colony independently. This mode...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Holzer B,Chapuisat M,Keller L

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Folivory results in both leaf damage and the loss of photosynthetic capacity. Leaf damage activates the production of induced defenses, but diminished photosynthetic capacity resulting from lost leaf area may impair a plant's ability to respond defensively. Because damage-induced nicotine production in Nicotiana sylve...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Baldwin IT,Schmelz EA

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of time of the day and frequency of application and of purity of artificially deposited pollen loads on fruiting and seed set were studied in Rhinanthus angustifolius (diurnally visited by bumblebees) and Viscaria vulgaris (diurnally visited by bumblebees, nocturnally by sphingid moths).Time of the day did...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Kwak MM,Jennersten O

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of nitrogen (N) cycling have traditionally focused on N mineralization as the primary process limiting plant assimilation of N. Recent evidence has shown that plants may assimilate amino acids (AAs) directly, circumventing the mineralization pathway. However, the general abundance of soil AAs and their relativ...

journal_title：Oecologia

authors： Hofmockel KS,Fierer N,Colman BP,Jackson RB

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00