Abstract:
:A water flux model with daily resolution is described which permits one to assess how changes in the rooting volume, amount of sapwood, leaf area and conductance properties interact to affect water uptake, internal storage, and transpiration.A root zone water compartment is defined for a particular tree on the basis of root depth, lateral extension and moisture holding characteristics of the soil. Water is taken up from different subcompartments of the root zone as a function of vertical position, soil water content, and water deficit within the sapwood. Excess water entering the root zone is channeled into runoff or seepage.The sapwood compartment of the model is restricted to the main stem of the tree and does not include sapwood in the branches or roots. The model assumes whatever water deficit is built up in the sapwood during the day will be replenished at night if the root zone water supply/capacity ratio exceeds 20%. A complex exponential equation describes the amount of water extractable from 20% to 0 capacity when no uptake is possible. The maximum change in volume of water in the sapwood of a large Douglas-fir is estimated to represent more than a 10 day supply for transpiration.Water loss through transpiration is predicted as a function of the mean daily absolute humidity deficit, leaf area, leaf conductance and daylength. Leaf conductance is controlled by predawn plant moisture stress which in turn is a function of the rooting zone water supply.The model incorporates two special constraints upon water uptake and transpiration. The first accounts for the effect of cold soil temperatures reducing the possible uptake by Douglas-fir to half at 2°C and to 0 at-2°C. The second represents a critical absolute humidity deficit sufficient to cause stomatal closure which results in leaf conductance being reduced to a minimum.The model is employed to compare trees of different sizes and those with different stomatal behavior. From this experience, it is suggested that future studies include, at a minimum, simultaneous measurements of: absolute humidity deficit, leaf area, sapwood volume and change in water content, predawn stress and leaf conductance.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Running SW,Waring RH,Rydell RAdoi
10.1007/BF00350630subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1975-03-01 00:00:00pages
1-16issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00350630journal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::The responses of organisms to organic farming depend on the taxonomic group and landscape complexity. Following the intermediate landscape complexity hypothesis, organic farming can compensate for the lack of complexity in simple landscapes. Argentinian farmlands are simple with large fields and scarce linear habitat ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04545-3
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As humans continue to alter tropical landscapes across the world, it is important to understand what environmental factors help determine the persistence of biodiversity in modified ecosystems. Studies on well-known taxonomic groups can offer critical insights as to the fate of biodiversity in these modified systems. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3495-z
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predawn water potential of representative plant species, together with stable isotope composition of stem water and potential water sources were investigated in four low-elevation tropical hardwood hammocks in the Lower Florida Keys, during a one year period. Hammock species had the lowest water potentials when soil w...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317270
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Well watered plants of Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp cv. California Blackeye No. 5 had maximum photosynthetic rates of 16 μmol m-2 s-1 (at ambient CO2 concentration and environmental parameters optimal for high CO2 uptake). Leaf conductance declined with increasing water vapour concentration difference between leaf and ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378820
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hydrogen isotope (δ2H) analysis has been routinely used as an ecological tracer for animal movement and migration, yet a biochemical understanding of how animals incorporate this element in the synthesis of tissues is poorly resolved. Here, we apply a new analytical tool, amino acid (AA) δ2H analysis, in a controlled ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-020-04730-9
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sea lion and seal populations in Alaskan waters underwent various degrees of decline during the latter half of the twentieth century and the cause(s) for the declines remain uncertain. The stable carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) isotope ratios in bone collagen from wild Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jub...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100756
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) have re-engineered Great Lakes ecosystems since their introduction in the late 1980s. Dreissenids can have major indirect impacts on profundal habitats by redirecting nutrients and energy away from pelagic production (which supplies profundal production) and de...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1271-z
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::CO2 assimilation rate (A) and leaf conductance (g) were measured in the field on intact branches of 35-year-old Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees, in five plots each in a healthy and a declining stand. The declining site included trees with yellow needles. In order to separate atmospheric effects on gas exchange from effe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00397862
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal feeding soil invertebrates feed on a wide spectrum of fungal species suggesting that mixed diets increase fitness. We investigated relationships between food preferences for seven saprophytic fungal species/forms and fitness parameters (mortality, growth, time to reproduction, reproduction, egg size) in two Col...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1513-7
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two annual species of Bromus, an invader (B. hordeaceus, ex B. mollis) and a non-invader (B. intermedius), were grown for 28 days in growth chambers, at 5 and 100 μM NO 3- in flowing nutrient solution. No differences between the two species were observed at either NO 3- level, in terms of relative growth rate (RGR) or...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378673
更新日期:1989-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal function of isoprene biosynthesis in plants remains unclear, but emission rates are positively correlated with temperature and light, supporting a role for isoprene in maintaining photosynthesis under transient heat and light stress from sunflecks. Isoprene production is also inversely correlated with CO...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1947-7
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The responses to drought of the solar tracking winter annualLupinus arizonicus (Wats.) were examined under field and laboratory growth regimes. Under drought conditions tracking movements were maintained until the plant reached the wilting point. The leaves and leaflets were observed to cup in response to decreases in...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00572673
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard infra-red gas analysis techniques were used to compare the photosynthesis of the liverworts Marchantia foliacea Mitt. and Monoclea forsteri Hook. Parameters measured include net photosynthetic rates, light response curves, quantum efficiencies, diffusive resistances to CO2 and water, apparent photorespiration...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378404
更新日期:1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our understanding of the response of vascular, terrestrial plants to nitrogen (N) addition is advanced and provides the foundation for modern agriculture. In comparison, information on responses of marine macroalgae to increased nitrogen is far less developed. We investigated how in situ pulses of nitrate (NO3 (-)) af...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3641-2
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Soil fauna can influence soil processes through interactions with the microbial community. Due to the complexity of the functional roles of fauna and their effects on microbes, little consensus has been reached on the extent to which soil fauna can regulate microbial activities. We quantified soil microbial biomass an...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100685
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pollination services are compromised by habitat destruction, land-use intensification, pesticides, and introduced species. How pollination services respond to such stressors depends on the capacity of pollinator assemblages to function in the face of environmental disruption. Here, we quantify how pollination services...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-017-4009-y
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The photosynthetic incorporation of H14CO3- by the alga Platymonas subcordiformis decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl in the medium. There was no correlation between the response of P. subcordiformis to salinity in high or low NaCl-concentrations in the growing solution. When other osmotic substances were...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347476
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that cooperative breeding entails a cost in terms of transmission of ectoparasites was tested by a comparative analysis among sympatric Australian passerines. The general trend found using the allometry method and outgroup analysis indicates that contagious ectoparasites are not more common on cooperati...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00317470
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Waterborne chemical cues are an important source of information for many aquatic organisms, in particular when assessing the current risk of predation. The ability to use chemical cues to detect and respond to potential predators before an actual encounter can improve prey chances of survival. We investigated predator...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2667-y
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changing environments can have divergent effects on biodiversity-ecosystem function relationships at alternating trophic levels. Freshwater mussels fertilize stream foodwebs through nutrient excretion, and mussel species-specific excretion rates depend on environmental conditions. We asked how differences in mussel di...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2110-1
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alpine Trifolium species have high rates of symbiotic N2-fixation which may influence the abundance and growth of plant species growing near them. The potential for facilitative effects on plant abundance and growth in dry meadow alpine tundra of Niwot Ridge, Colo., characterized by low resource availability, was inve...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050487
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptopterna dolobrata (L.) (Holarctis) and Calocoris roseomaculatus (De Geer) (Palaearctis) are single-brooded in the whole range of their distribution and hibernate in the egg stage. Both species are active only for 21/2 months, while the egg stage lasts over 9 months.The main food plants of Leptopterna are Dactylis ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346473
更新日期:1971-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Home range data were collected concurrently from four syntopic browsing ruminant species in a conserved savanna ecosystem. Mean home range areas were: giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) 282 km2; kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) 21.9 km2; impala (Aepyceros melampus) 5.82 km2; steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) 0.62 km2. Hom...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00319416
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ligia oceanica can change its colour using melanophores, the animal's reflectance varying between about 2 and 10%. Darker individuals heat up more quickly, and to higher body temperatures, than do pale ones. Colour change shows an underlying circadian rhythm, though the pattern of this rhythm varies with temperature, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379108
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most food webs use taxonomic or trophic species as building blocks, thereby collapsing variability in feeding linkages that occurs during the growth and development of individuals. This issue is particularly relevant to integrating parasites into food webs because parasites often undergo extreme ontogenetic niche shif...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-013-2806-5
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from the US/IBP Desert Biome validation studies indicate that above-ground production and biomass allocated to reproduction in Larrea tridentata vary from one year to another depending upon the timing and extent of soil-moisture availability. In an attempt to verify these observations and determine to what extent...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347929
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Predator-prey interactions between small mammals and their avian and mammalian predators have attracted much attention. However, large-scale field experiments examining small-mammal antipredatory responses under the risk of predation by mammals are rare. As recently pointed out, the scale of experiments may cause misl...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050970
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study links summer foraging and scatter-hoarding to winter larder-hoarding and winter survival in yellow pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus) by comparing patterns of time allocation and winter larder contents in 2 years with very different levels of resource availability. In 2003, seed production and the number of tr...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-1072-4
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Damaged cotton plants in which reproductive organs were manually removed to simulate shedding induced by Helicoverpa spp. (Lepidoptera) were compared with undamaged controls grown under contrasting availability of resources. Plant growth and partitioning were analysed and fruit mass was taken as a measure of compensat...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00329698
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic atmospheric N deposition has modified relative N availability, altering the biogeochemical cycles of forests and the stoichiometry of nutrients in trees, inducing P limitation, and modifying the N:P ratios of plant biomass. This study examines how the variation in the foliar stoichiometry of Abies pinsapo acro...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-012-2454-1
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00