Abstract:
:It has been postulated that free amino acids in the diet of herbivores are a more readily available source of nitrogen than are amino acids in intact proteins. When plants are subjected to any of a number of stress factors the concentration of free amino acids in their tissues may increase relative to the protein content. It has been further postulated that such changes in available nitrogen can increase the survivorship of very young herbivores feeding on the tissues of stressed plants. In this paper, the concept of readily available nitrogen is given more specific definitions in the effort to uncover an underlying nutritional or physiological mechanism responsible for such changes in larval survivorship. The first hypothesis considered is that amino acids are more readily available than proteins in the sense that, as they occur in plant tissue, they are a more nutritious source of needed nitrogenous compounds. The second hypothesis considered is that amino acids are absorbed into the insect gut free from interference by proteinase inhibitors, and thus are more chemically available than are proteins. Finally, free amino acids, because of their solubility and greater mobility, may be more available to herbivores because of physical factors restricting the movement and digestion of proteins from plant tissue into the insect gut. The applicability of each hypothesis to certain types of insects feeding on particular plant tissues is discussed.
journal_name
Oecologiajournal_title
Oecologiaauthors
Cockfield SDdoi
10.1007/BF00380930subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
91-94issue
1eissn
0029-8549issn
1432-1939pii
10.1007/BF00380930journal_volume
77pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
OECOLOGIA文献大全abstract::European data from 15 long-term censuses of breeding land bird communities were analysed in order to measure community stability. Stability was here operationally defined as year-to-year persistence of community structure (total density, number of species, diversity, evenness of the species-abundance distribution, spe...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347824
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaves from several desert and woodland species, including gymnosperms and angiosperms with both C3 and C4 physiology, were analyzed to detect trends in δ13Cleaf with elevation and slope aspect along two transects in southeastern Utah and south-central New Mexico, USA. The main difference between the two transects is ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-002-0973-x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of processing of beech leaf litter (Fagus sylvatica L.) of different ages by the diplopodGlomeris marginata (Villers) on status and turnover of microorganisms was investigated in the laboratory. Microbial biomass, basal respiration and metabolic quotient of litter-material from three different beechwood sit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00582243
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Short-term effects of environmental perturbations on various life history traits are reasonably well documented in birds and mammals. But, in the present context of global climate change, there is a need to consider potential long-term effects of natal conditions to better understand and predict the consequences of th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-009-1482-y
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedling recruitment is a critical driver of population dynamics and community assembly, yet we know little about functional traits that define different recruitment strategies. For the first time, we examined whether trait relatedness across germination and seedling stages allows the identification of general recruit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3430-3
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate that natural heat stress on wild larval Drosophila melanogaster results in severe developmental defects in >10% of eclosing adults, and that increased copy number of the gene encoding the major inducible heat shock protein of D. melanogaster, Hsp70, is sufficient to reduce the incidence of such abnormal...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050935
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is known to increase the species diversity of plant communities. One mechanism that can increase the likelihood of species co-existence, and thus species diversity, is a trade-off between competitive ability and the magnitude of plant growth response to AM fungal inoc...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3771-6
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen availability is a critical component of productivity in successional lowland rainforests, and nitrogen losses from a given system may largely depend on rates of nitrification in soils of the system. Two hypotheses were tested in a study of a 6-point secondary rainforest sere in the coastal lowlands of Costa R...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379093
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate plays a fundamental role in limiting the range of a species, is a key factor in the dynamics of large herbivores, and is thought to be involved in declines of moose populations in recent decades. We examined effects of climate and growing-season phenology on recruitment (8-9 months old) of young Shiras moose (...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-015-3296-4
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecophysiological differences related to photosynthesis were compared in holm oak Quercus ilex leaves from undisturbed holm-oak vegetation, resprouts after fire and resprouts after tree-fell. No significant differences in any parameter measured were observed between the two kinds of resprout throughout the first growin...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00328730
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Home range data were collected concurrently from four syntopic browsing ruminant species in a conserved savanna ecosystem. Mean home range areas were: giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) 282 km2; kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) 21.9 km2; impala (Aepyceros melampus) 5.82 km2; steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) 0.62 km2. Hom...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00319416
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anuran amphibians have traditionally been considered suitable model organisms for community ecology studies. In this paper, we review and quantitatively re-analyze the original studies published on dietary relationships among anuran communities worldwide. We re-analyzed 33 independent communities from all continents, ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2204-9
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations ofDipodomys microps andD. merriami in eastern California (37°11'N. Lat.) are active on the surface throughout the night and during the whole year. These two species, and the males and females within each species, show no significant differences in times of beginning or end of activity. Beginning and end of...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00572754
更新日期:1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The logistic equation has been used as the basis of two distinct models of population dynamics, a resource limited model and an equilibrium model. It is argued that although the two models are very different, the distinction between them has been obscured by the use of the same terminology for the parameters of both. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00347602
更新日期:1981-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The apparent energy of activation (E a), Michaelis-Menten constant (K mfor oxaloacetate), V max/K mratios and specific activities of NADP+-malate dehydrogenase (NADP+-MDH; EC 1.1.1.82) were analyzed in plants of Barnyard grass from Québec (QUE) and Mississippi (MISS) acclimated to two thermoperiods 28/22°C, 21/15°C, a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377023
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ninety percent of wild red grouse examined carried threadworms in their intenstinal caeca. Old birds had 30 times as many worms as young birds. Some infections were as high as 30,000 worms. The occurrence of worms in old grouse conformed to the negative binomial distribution. ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00399229
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, community ecology has emphasized the multi-facetted aspects of biological diversity by linking species traits and the environment. Here, we explored environmental correlates of taxonomically-based and traits-based compositional distances using a comprehensive data set of diatom and macroinvertebrate communit...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-019-04535-5
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory predicts persistence of long-term family relationships in vertebrates will occur until perceived fitness costs exceed benefits to either parents or offspring. We examined whether increased breeding probability and survival were associated with prolonged parent-offspring and sibling-sibling relationships in a lo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-016-3595-4
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ostracod Cyprideis torosa Jones, 1850 is a dominant species in the meiofauna of brackish water habitats. Its production in the field over a five-year period has been calculated using two production models. The first model uses the age-distribution of shells preserved in the sediment to assess the stage-specific mo...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385231
更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C and δ18O) of ambient CO2 and water vapour were determined within a Quercus petraea canopy, Northumberland, UK. From continuous measurements made across a 36-h period from three heights within the forest canopy, we generated mixing lines (Keeling plots) for δa13CO2, δa C18O1...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050766
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the mechanisms producing and maintaining discontinuities between patches in mosaics of habitats is necessary to predict changes in patterns of abundance and distribution of species. On temperate rocky reefs, physical and biological disturbance can result in a mosaic of patches of encrusting coralline, tu...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0459-3
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Populations with dispersive larvae are often demographically open such that local reproduction and subsequent larval settlement are not linked. Thus, understanding whether and how settlement patterns are established and subsequently modified is central to understanding local demography. Settlement is typically not mea...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-001-0860-x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sea lion and seal populations in Alaskan waters underwent various degrees of decline during the latter half of the twentieth century and the cause(s) for the declines remain uncertain. The stable carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) isotope ratios in bone collagen from wild Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jub...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420100756
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Why can alien species succeed in environments to which they have had no opportunity to adapt and even become more abundant than many native species? Ecological theory suggests two main possible answers for this paradox: competitive superiority of exotic species over native species and opportunistic use of ecological o...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-011-2203-x
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the response of dark respiration (R(d)) to temperature and foliage characteristics in the upper canopies of tree species in temperate rainforest communities in New Zealand along a soil chronosequence (six sites from 6 years to 120,000 years). The chronosequence provided a vegetation gradient characterised ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-004-1803-0
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dusky-footed woodrats (Neotoma fuscipes) and desert woodrats (N. lepida) experience pronounced seasonal variations in the aridity of their habitats. The effects of seasonal aridity upon the water conserving abilities of these species were assessed through measurements of water conserving abilities and kidney structure...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00346564
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The demographic variability and life history differentiation of two closely related shrubs (Atriplex canescens and A. acanthocarpa) were investigated in the Chihuahuan Desert, and the results were interpreted in the context of theories of coexistence in fluctuating environments. Demographic information was recorded du...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-008-0980-7
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:: Field phenologies of high- (ca. 1500 m) and low- (ca. 500 m) altitude populations of the two most common European species of dung flies, Scathophaga stercoraria and Sepsis cynipsea, differ quite markedly due to differences in climate. To differentiate genetic adaptation due to natural selection and phenotypic plastic...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s004420050092
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In tropical dry forests, a high interspecific variation in the strategies of fruiting phenology has been documented. Therefore, phenological responses may be mediated by influence of environmental variables, functional plant attributes or phylogenetic inertia. During 2 years, we recorded the fruiting phenology of 151 ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00442-018-4295-z
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The comparative responses of photosynthesis and growth to salinity were investigated for two C3 and one C4 species native to the tidal marshes of the San Francisco Bay-Sacramento River estuary of Northern California. At low salinities (0 or 150 meq l-1), where photosynthetic rates were maximal for all species, the C4 ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377375
更新日期:1984-04-01 00:00:00