Armoring Enzymes by Metal-Organic Frameworks by the Coprecipitation Method.

abstract：:Interactions between chemokines and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are crucial for the physiological and pathophysiological activities of chemokines. GAGs are therefore commonly designated as chemokine coreceptors which are deeply involved in the chemokine-signaling network. Studying the interaction of chemokines with GAGs...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kitic N,Gschwandtner M,Derler R,Gerlza T,Kungl AJ

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The programmed death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are negative regulators of T-cell immune function. Removal of these "brakes" in T cells results in increased activation of the immune system and controlling and eradicating tumor. The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Nomura N,Nomura Y,Sato Y,Iwata S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have described a method using polyvalent peptide display on filamentous phage that can be used to identify ligands that bind to G protein beta gamma subunits. Also described is how to construct phage that have known beta gamma binding sequences fused to the coat protein to allow a competition analysis to be perform...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Smrcka AV,Scott JK

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped virus particles select their lipid-protein components and egress by budding from the host cell membranes. The matrix protein of many enveloped viruses has been proposed as a crucial element for viral budding; however, molecular mechanisms behind membrane remodeling by the matrix protein are yet to be unravel...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Shnyrova AV,Zimmerberg J

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obtaining patient-specific information through the quantification of small molecules and proteins in bodily fluids is essential for personalized therapies. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic devices hold the promise of delivering such benefit to a wide range of patients. However, there is a lack of enabling technology, as...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yu Q,Griss R,Schena A,Johnsson K

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-dimensional (3D) cryoelectron microscopy reconstruction methods are uniquely able to reveal structures of many important macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. EMDataBank.org, a joint effort of the Protein Databank in Europe (PDBe), the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB), and the N...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lawson CL

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two lymphoid cell-specific proteins, called RAG-1 and RAG-2, initiate the process of antigen receptor gene rearrangement, termed V(D)J recombination, by assembling a protein-DNA complex with two recombination signal sequences (RSSs), each of which adjoins a different receptor gene segment, and then introducing a DNA d...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Bergeron S,Anderson DK,Swanson PC

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are considered one of the main sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The overgeneration of ROS can evoke an intracellular state of oxidative stress, leading to permanent cell damage. Thus, the intracellular accumulation of ROS may not only disrupt the functions of specific tissues and organs but also ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wojtala A,Bonora M,Malinska D,Pinton P,Duszynski J,Wieckowski MR

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organ-specific delivery of biofunctional agents is thought to enhance their activity and to reduce their side effects. Liposomes have been used as drug carriers in cancer chemotherapy, since they accumulate passively in tumor tissues due to an enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, modification...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Asai T,Oku N

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rab38 is a low-molecular-weight G-protein highly expressed in melanocytes of the skin and alveolar type II cells in the lung. A point mutation in the postulated GTP/GDP-interacting domain of Rab38 has been identified as the genetic lesion responsible for oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in chocolate (cht) mice. Another p...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Osanai K,Voelker DR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone chaperones-key actors in the dynamic organization of chromatin-interact with the various histone variants to ensure their transfer in and out of chromatin. In vitro chromatin assembly assays and isolation of protein complexes using tagged histone variants provided first clues concerning their binding specifici...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clément C,Vassias I,Ray-Gallet D,Almouzni G

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzyme immobilization is a widespread empiric technology to achieve more stable, active and reusable enzymes. The empiricism can be reduced by the application of rational design procedures employing bioinformatic tools, engineered-proteins and detailed analyses of existent data. In this chapter, we describe relevant a...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Sastre DE,Reis EA,Marques Netto CGC

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-dimensional polyacrylomide gel electrophoresis remains a popular and powerful tool for identifying proteins that are differentially expressed across treatment conditions. Due to the overwhelming number of proteins and the tremendous variation shown in gel images, the differential analysis of 2D gel images is chall...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Li F,Seillier-Moiseiwitsch F

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become increasingly clear that large RNA molecules, especially long noncoding RNAs, function in almost all gene regulatory processes (Cech & Steitz, 2014). Many large RNAs appear to be structural scaffolds for assembly of important RNA/protein complexes. However, the structures of most large cellular RNA molecu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lin Y,May GE,Joel McManus C

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst stage embryo. These self-renewing multipotent cells are able to differentiate to the three embryonic germ layers, the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm, and are thus able to produce virtually all cell types. The ES cell capacity to gen...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Goldberg-Cohen I,Beck G,Ziskind A,Itskovitz-Eldor J

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular mechanisms of dark-to-light state transitions in flavoprotein photoreceptors have been the subject of intense investigation. Blue-light sensing flavoproteins fall into three general classes that share aspects of their activation processes: LOV domains, BLUF proteins, and cryptochromes. In all cases, light-in...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Yee EF,Chandrasekaran S,Lin C,Crane BR

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microbial production of commodity, fine, and specialty chemicals is a driving force in biotechnology. An essential requirement is to introduce biosynthetic pathways to the target compound(s) into chassis organisms. First suitable enzymes must be selected and characterized, and then genetic pathways must be designe...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Robinson CJ,Dunstan MS,Swainston N,Titchmarsh J,Takano E,Scrutton NS,Jervis AJ

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endothelial cell adhesion and migration is fundamental to a number of physiologic processes, including vascular development and angiogenesis. It has been investigated in a variety of contexts, including tumorigenesis, wound healing, tissue engineering, and biomaterial design. The chemical and mechanical extracellular ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Reinhart-King CA

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental screening for protein-ligand interactions is a central task in drug discovery. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables the determination of binding affinities, as well as the measurement of structural and dynamic parameters governing the interaction. With traditional liquid-state NMR relying...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kim Y,Hilty C

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neutral arachidonic acid derivatives N-arachidonoyl ethanolamine (anandamide or AEA), and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) have been identified as endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Additionally, these compounds have been identified as substrates of the second isoform of the cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kingsley PJ,Marnett LJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, autophagy contributes to the sustaining of cell viability under starvation conditions, possibly through the supply of amino acids that is generated as a result of the degradation of cytosolic materials. Therefore, cellular viability is one of the best indexes for monitoring the c...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Noda T

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acidic organelles and vesicles, such as endosomes, lysosomes, autophagosomes, trans-Golgi network, and synaptic vesicles, are known to play important roles in a broad range of cellular events. To facilitate studying these multifunctional systems, we describe here an acid-brightening fluorescent protein (abFP), which f...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang N,Wang L

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transfer RNA is extensively modified by the actions of a variety of enzymes. The radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine enzyme TYW1 modifies tRNAPhe forming the characteristic tricyclic ring via the condensation of carbons 2 and 3 of pyruvate. This chapter details methods that are required for studies of TYW1. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Young AP,Bandarian V

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to produce a full quantitative description of yeast metabolism, a number of kinetic parameters of enzymes that are important for energy metabolism must be determined experimentally. We aim to determine the prospective in vivo kinetic properties of a range of yeast-purified isoenzymes that are important in ene...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Messiha HL,Malys N,Carroll KM

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Riboswitches present a ubiquitous genetic regulatory mechanism for prokaryotes and have been found in HIV1, fungi, plants, and even H. sapiens. We present an overview of approaches to predict riboswitch aptamers and, more generally, RNA conformational switches. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clote P

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Because polysaccharides have very complicated chemical structures constructed by a great diversity of monosaccharide residues and glycosidic linkages, enzymatic approaches have been identified as powerful tools to precisely synthesize polysaccharides as the reactions progress in highly controlled regio- and stereoarra...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Kadokawa JI

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given the increasing evidence of oxidative stress in AD brain and studies from different perspectives that appear to show a converging, central role for A beta in the pathogenesis and etiology of AD, insight into A beta-associated free radical oxidative stress will likely lead to a greater understanding of AD and, pot...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Butterfield DA,Yatin SM,Varadarajan S,Koppal T

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phenomenon of chemical or conformational exchange in NMR spectroscopy has enabled detailed characterization of time-dependent aspects of biomolecular function, including folding, molecular recognition, allostery, and catalysis, on timescales from microsecond to second. Importantly, NMR methods based on a variety o...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Palmer AG 3rd,Koss H

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The specificity of CRISPR-Cas systems for nucleic acid targets is determined by a combination of binding and cleavage. Understanding the mechanisms by which Cas proteins specifically select their targets is critical for the development of CRISPR-Cas systems for biotechnology applications. Moreover, the specificity of ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wade JT

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of catalysis by MnSOD using direct observation of the UV absorbance of superoxide allows determination of steady-state catalytic constants. Stabilizing superoxide in aprotic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide permits the use of stopped-flow spectrophotometry, although significant information is lost in th...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Silverman DN,Nick HS

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00