Chapter 4 - Reconstitution of membrane budding with unilamellar vesicles.

abstract：:Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in bone marrow, are defined by their ability to maintain blood homeostasis, and replenish themselves through self-renewal. Although HSC purification schemes vary from laboratory to laboratory, the resulting cell populations are similar, if not the same. This chapter wil...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Lin KK,Goodell MA

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Yeast cells in an isogenic population do not all display the same phenotypes. To study such variation within a population of cells, we need to perform measurements on each individual cell instead of measurements that average out the behavior of a cell over the entire population. Here, we provide the basic concepts and...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Youk H,Raj A,van Oudenaarden A

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleotide excision repair is a multicomponent, multistep enzymatic system that removes a wide spectrum of DNA damage by dual incisions in the damaged strand on both sides of the lesion. The basic steps are damage recognition, dual incisions, resynthesis to replace the excised DNA, and ligation. Each step has been stu...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Reardon JT,Sancar A

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Model building studies may be used to supplement structurally low resolution experimental data with detailed three-dimensional hypothetical atomic models. Because of the strong relation between structure and function in biological molecules such models may give a consistent, integral view of a wealth of experimental d...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： von Kitzing E

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Riboswitches present a ubiquitous genetic regulatory mechanism for prokaryotes and have been found in HIV1, fungi, plants, and even H. sapiens. We present an overview of approaches to predict riboswitch aptamers and, more generally, RNA conformational switches. ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Clote P

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzymatic processes have great potential for applications in industrial biocatalysis, biosensing, and biomedical engineering. However, poor stability and difficulty in the reuse of enzymes still create challenges for their use in catalysis and other applications. In recent years, enzyme-incorporated metal-organic fram...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hou M,Ge J

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the rapid development of nanotechnology, inorganic magnetic nanoparticles, especially iron oxide nanoparticles (IOs), have emerged as great vehicles for biomedical diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In order to rationally design IO-based gene delivery nanovectors, surface modification is essential and deter...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Liu G,Wang Z,Lee S,Ai H,Chen X

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Malaria represents an emerging disease because of increasing parasite resistance against available drugs and because of increasing geographical distribution of the causative agent, Plasmodium falciparum. The complete genome of Plasmodium was sequenced recently, revealing that the parasite harbors only one glutathione ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Deponte M,Becker K

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides corresponding to the calmodulin-binding domain of MLCK and other target enzymes promise to be useful tools in the study of calmodulin action. Not only will they help to elucidate the molecular interactions of calmodulin with specific target enzymes, but they should also prove to be useful calmodulin antagonis...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Blumenthal DK,Krebs EG

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glass microfluidic devices have been fabricated to monitor the secretion of glycerol or fatty acids from cultured murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In the current studies, adipocytes are perfused in a reversibly sealed cell chamber, and secreted products are analyzed by enzyme assay on either a single- or dual-chip device. Th...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Dugan CE,Kennedy RT

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein matrix cavities and extended tunnels can effectively channel substrates and products to and from active sites in enzymes. Substrate and product channeling can enhance catalytic efficiency by reducing the intramolecular diffusion times to and from reaction centers. Moreover, protected transfer between sites may...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Pesce A,Milani M,Nardini M,Bolognesi M

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virtually all eukaryotic cell functions and signaling pathways are regulated by protein phosphorylation. The Rad53 kinase plays crucial roles in the DNA damage response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and is widely used as a surrogate marker for DNA damage checkpoint activation by diverse genotoxic agents. Most currently ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Hoch NC,Chen ES,Tsai MD,Heierhorst J

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibody unfolding and aggregation have been gaining increasing concern as the need for pharmaceutical antibodies with high quality has increased. Assays for continuous application of severe stress to antibodies, which are typically employed to evaluate tolerance to aggregation or to understand the mechanism of aggreg...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Imamura H,Honda S

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonribosomal peptides are natural products typically of bacterial and fungal origin. These highly complex molecules display a broad spectrum of biological activities, and have been exploited for the development of immunosuppressant, antibiotic, anticancer, and other therapeutic agents. The nonribosomal peptides are as...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wilkinson B,Micklefield J

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenoviral vectors expressing vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VPF/VEGF, VEGF-A(164)) offer a powerful method for elucidating the mechanisms of pathological angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis and for evaluating the effectiveness of pro- and anti-angiogenesis therapies. When injected int...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Nagy JA,Shih SC,Wong WH,Dvorak AM,Dvorak HF

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recurrent aliphatic hydrophobic amino acids which occur in the sequence of a protein or a peptide at positions which form an axial, hydrophobic strip when the sequence is coiled as an alpha helix might stabilize coiling against hydrophobic surfaces. That effect can lead to helix formation against hydrophobic cores of ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Reyes VE,Lew RA,Lu S,Humphreys RE

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor cells acquire distinct genetic characteristics as a means to survive and proliferate indefinitely. Changes in the genetic code can also translate in changes at the protein level, therefore creating a distinguishable signature unique for tumor cells, and absent in normal tissues. The presence of discernable moiet...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Battaglia S

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis is a complex enzymatic assembly responsible for producing a great diversity of bioactive peptide natural products. Due to the recurring arrangement of catalytic domains within these machineries, great interest has been shown in reengineering these pathways to produce novel, designer p...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Greule A,Charkoudian LK,Cryle MJ

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IF-liposomes are formed by a unique process that involves fusing small liposomes into interdigitated lipid sheets, using either ethanol or hydrostatic pressure. The interdigitation-fusion method requires liposome formulations with lipids that form the L beta I phase. Preparing ethanol-induced IF-liposomes is simple an...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ahl PL,Perkins WR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Given recent efforts to determine the sequence information on thousands of genes in the human genome, the current challenge is to identify the functions of these genes, including those encoding the regulator of G-protein signaling protein gene superfamily, and to establish their roles in particular signaling pathways ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Wang Q,Liu M,Kozasa T,Rothestein JD,Sternweis PC,Neubig RR

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to obtain large amounts of genomic sequence for organisms and high throughput technology has led to a change in the thrust of research at the level of chromosomes in animals. In the past chromosomal analysis of animals was focused on gross changes such as inversions, translocations, and deletions for both ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： DeSalle R,Gregory TR,Johnston JS

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) initiate signaling pathways via trimetric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. GPCRs are classified based on their ligand-binding properties and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Nonetheless, these later analyses are in most case dependent on multiple sequence alignments, themselves ...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Rehman ZU,Mirza MT,Khan A,Xhaard H

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of higher-order assemblies of multiple proteins or enzymes is a general mechanism to achieve more sophisticated biological function in biological systems. For example, cellulosomes are large complexes consisting of multiple cellulolytic enzymes that rely on the concerted actions of different enzymes buil...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Katyal P,Yang Y,Vinogradova O,Lin Y

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The three major considerations in reducing metal-gel binding are (1) the type of gel to be used, (2) the ionic strength of the eluent, and (3) alkaline reduction of the gel. Each of these parameters should be considered in advance of an experiment. A method is offered for determining the optimal gel type, gel treatmen...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Martin MT

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins are large modular cell-surface receptors that regulate almost every aspect of cellular function through bidirectional signals transmitted across the lipid bilayer. Regulation of integrin activity is accomplished by complex and still incompletely understood biochemical pathways that modify integrin ligand bin...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Xiong JP,Goodman SL,Arnaout MA

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins change their charge state through protonation and redox reactions as well as through binding charged ligands. The free energy of these reactions is dominated by solvation and electrostatic energies and modulated by protein conformational relaxation in response to the ionization state changes. Although computa...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Gunner MR,Baker NA

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomes can be viewed in terms of their gene content and the order in which the genes appear along each chromosome. Evolutionary events that affect the gene order or content are "rare genomic events" (rarer than events that affect the composition of the nucleotide sequences) and have been advocated by systematists for...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Moret BM,Warnow T

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lysosomes are specialized organelles for protein recycling and as such are involved in the terminal steps of autophagy. However, it has become evident that lysosomes also play an important role in the progression of apoptosis. This latter function seems to be dependent on lysosomal proteases, which need to be released...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Ivanova S,Repnik U,Bojic L,Petelin A,Turk V,Turk B

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Slp4-a/granuphilin-a is a member of the synaptotagmin-like protein (Slp) family and consists of an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains. Slp4-a is specifically localized on secretory granules in some endocrine and exocrine cells through its SHD, and it attenuates Ca(2+)-dependent dense...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Fukuda M,Kanno E

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diverse structures of polyketide natural products are reflected by the equally diverse polyketide biosynthetic enzymes, namely polyketide synthases (PKSs). Three major classes of PKSs are known-noniterative type I PKSs, iterative type II PKSs and acyl carrier protein-independent type III PKSs, each of which consis...

journal_title：Methods in enzymology

authors： Cheng YQ,Coughlin JM,Lim SK,Shen B

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00