Vitamin K-Dependent Protein S: Beyond the Protein C Pathway.

Abstract:

:Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein circulating in plasma at a concentration of around 350 nM. Approximately 60% of protein S in human plasma is bound to the complement regulatory protein C4b-binding protein (C4BP) in a high-affinity, high-molecular-weight complex. Protein S in plasma has multiple anticoagulant properties and heterozygous protein S deficiency is associated with increased risk of venous thrombosis. Homozygous deficiency in man and mice is associated with severe thrombosis in fetal life, defects in the vascular system development, and not compatible with life. Protein S has additional functions beyond being an anticoagulant. It affects the complement regulatory properties of C4BP, and moreover, protein S interacts with tyrosine kinase receptors of the TAM family, which comprises Tyro3, Axl, and Mer. The TAM receptor interaction is important for the ability of protein S to stimulate phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. This review will discuss the multiple functions of protein S, describing its role as cofactor to activated protein C with a subsequent focus on the other functions of protein S.

journal_name

Semin Thromb Hemost

authors

Dahlbäck B

doi

10.1055/s-0037-1604092

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2018-03-01 00:00:00

pages

176-184

issue

2

eissn

0094-6176

issn

1098-9064

journal_volume

44

pub_type

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