Abstract：
:Facial feminization surgery was pioneered in the 1980s to provide options for trans women who were having difficulty with their outward appearance. This process presented a novel application of craniofacial surgery at the time. This text outlines the basic differences between male and female facial morphology, as well as the procedures we use to feminize the face.
journal_name
Clin Plast Surgjournal_title
Clinics in plastic surgeryauthors
Deschamps-Braly JCdoi
10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-07-01 00:00:00pages
323-331issue
3eissn
0094-1298issn
1558-0504pii
S0094-1298(18)30018-Xjournal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Lockwood's changes in surgical design of the medial thigh lift have improved results and decreased complications but still have the fundamental problem of poor tissue fixation to rigid tissue. To provide increased support to the medial thigh incisions, modifications to this technique have been tried. This article desc...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2007.09.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because the chin, like the nose, occupies a prominent position in the face, it must also be assessed in planning any changes in the facial profile. For example, a large nose associated with a microgenia does not appear as large when the chin is augmented. A chin increased in the vertical dimension confers an excessive...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article presents a contemporary overview of tip suturing and tip structural grafting techniques used to refine the wide nasal tip. Previous reductive techniques have proved to produce unnatural results over time. It is imperative to correctly evaluate the nose and assess all possible pitfalls during the preoperat...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2015.09.013
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In plastic surgery, there are many procedures that can be performed using local instead of general anesthesia. Not only can this help mitigate health care costs, but precious operating-room resources can also be directed to areas of greater need. Common procedures that can be performed under local anesthetics include ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2013.07.004
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aesthetic and functional reconstruction of the orbital and periorbital anatomy poses a complex challenge to the reconstructive surgeon. Four clinical cases are illustrated regarding the restoration of contour, and coverage of vital structures following tumor resections. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Office endoscopy is an accepted safe alternative to in-hospital care. Attention to detail will help to ensure that the vast majority of procedures will be successfully completed without incident. Although there are regional differences, in many parts of North America office endoscopy has become mainstream, and is pref...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2013.04.006
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Flap prefabrication and prelamination are evolving, new techniques that are useful in reconstructing complex defects of the head and neck. Flap prefabrication involves the introduction of a new blood supply by means of a vascular pedicle transfer into a volume of tissue. After a period of neovascularization, this volu...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimental and clinical cases document that the omentum and jejunum can be harvested successfully as a free flap using laparoscopic assistance. Our gross and microscopic findings attest to the viability of this approach. If the omentum is not needed in it entirety, one can safely custom design the free flap to match...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the development of modern microsurgical reconstruction, there are several alternative methods for the complicated head and neck defect or injured extremity. The double-paddled flap, double flaps, and double flap with vascular flow-through linkage are good tools for extensive wide, composite, and three-dimensional...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00046-4
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The deep-plane midface lift offers many advantages in midface rejuvenation. Anatomic analysis of aging and embryologic evidence both support surgical facial “degloving” in the sub-SMAS plane and resuspension of the platysma/SMAS unit. This approach offers more complete repositioning of facial soft tissue compared with...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2014.08.009
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing standardized outcomes and algorithms of treatment is a constantly evolving task. This article examines four variables in this process: cleft type, operative technique, surgical experience, and timing. Input from international cleft lip and palate programs regarding techniques and treatment modalities provid...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two stage principle is one of the most important features of the procedure. It allows starting the operation at a very early stage (one to six months). The donor area in the periphery is very well supplied, therefore as many facial fascicles as necessary can be sacrificed on the healthy side. We have never noticed...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alopecia from scalp burns can present psychological problems. Reconstructive surgery with rotating hair-bearing skin flaps has been useful in the rehabilitation of these patients. In many patients, one flap shift can establish an acceptable hair line. In extensive cases, multiple operations are necessary, including fr...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assessing risk and avoiding complications in breast reduction requires a meticulous history, systematic physical examination, management of expectations, and careful consideration and execution of operative technique. Attention should be paid to comorbidities. Shape, symmetry, contours, scar location, skin quality, ni...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2015.12.007
更新日期：2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past several years, there has been a tremendous growth and interest in buttocks augmentation in the United States. Surgical techniques have evolved over time to correct anatomical deficiencies and fulfill patient requests, including silicone implant placement (subcutaneous, intramuscular, submuscular, and sub...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2006.04.005
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Use of the transverse abdominal island flap for breast reconstruction enables the plastic surgeon to redistribute the body's excess fat and skin into more fashionable and aesthetic proportions. The operation remains a complex and detailed procedure. Patient selection, suitability, and preparation for the operation are...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past 30 years, MMS has become recognized as the treatment of choice for certain uncommon cutaneous neoplasms and for certain variants of BCC, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma. It offers an extremely high cure rate and maximally preserves healthy tissue, which often allows for preservation of function as we...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0094-1298(03)00096-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary amputation in vascular trauma should be rare in the absence of prolonged ischemia, massive soft-tissue loss, and multiple fractures. Repair of the artery and vein, soft-tissue coverage, and rigid skeletal fixation is associated with an excellent limb salvage rate. Fasciotomy should be performed in cases with c...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The specialized tissue requirements or dorsal and palmar skin are analyzed and options for full-thickness replacement outlined in detail. Thoughtful and accurate preoperative planning is the key to success. Dorsal coverage with a variety of pedicled and free fasciocutaneous flaps are quite satisfactory. Palmar coverag...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The most common complication of blepharoplasty is an unnatural distortion of the lower eyelid. Identification of the underlying anatomic deformities dictates the reconstructive procedures. Emphasis is placed on utilization of the dermal-orbicular pennant lateral canthoplasty. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Routine standardized periorbital planning prior to blepharoplasty and brow lifting facilitates optimal outcome and minimizes the need for reoperation. It should be an essential companion to blepharoplasty in all instances. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phalloplasty represents the most complete genitoperineal transformation for trans men. Although voiding while standing is a priority for most trans men, most patients want to use the neophallus for sexual experience after they are accustomed to their new voiding abilities. Different techniques have been used to obtain...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excision of large and giant melanocytic nevi presents a distinct challenge to the pediatric plastic surgeon. The exact risk of malignant degeneration remains unknown. These unsightly lesions can be psychologically damaging to both parent and child. The pediatric plastic surgeon must have an armamentarium of techniques...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2004.08.004
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) has changed the way implant reconstruction is performed and has opened the door to muscle-sparing techniques that can be performed as an NSM (nipple-sparing mastectomy) with DTI (direct to implant) with excellent cosmesis and less patient morbidity. The article discusses ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.cps.2017.08.004
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aesthetic rhinoplasty in the non-Caucasian patient is a challenging operation, even to the experienced rhinoplastic surgeon used to operating on Caucasians. Only by thoroughly understanding the anatomic differences between the Caucasian and non-Caucasian nose can the plastic surgeon effectively manipulate the various ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite a better appreciation of the relationship between the eye and the thyroid gland in Graves' disease, the treatment of moderate to severe exophthalmos remains surgical. For many years, standard textbooks recommended a risky, transfrontal approach for exophthalmos that had to be performed by a neurosurgeon. A pre...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The technique of mandibular reconstruction utilizing rigid internal fixation and vascularized bone grafts has been described. This type of repair should be considered in all patients undergoing mandibular resection for head and neck malignancies. Although no ideal method of reconstruction has yet been described, it ap...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scar prognosis is a matter of great natural interest to patients. It is important to realize that the nature of the injury is the most important consideration in the final result. The orientation of the wound in relation to the normal lines of skin tension, its location and pattern, and peculiarities of the individual...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:I believe that if one follows the precautions outlined, including a time-tested surgical technique and thorough clinical history and physical examination, the operation of blepharoplasty should prove to be one of the most gratifying aesthetic operations. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anatomic implants provide useful alternatives to breast augmentation for the discerning surgeon, particularly in breasts with tight skin envelopes or deficient lower poles. ...
journal_title：Clinics in plastic surgery
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
