Abstract：
:Microplastics are emerging threat contaminants that have been shown to provide toxic pollutants, either from the environment or from their inherent toxic monomers and additives, a pathway into the aquatic food web. In the present study, the occurrence, abundance, and composition of microplastic load in the surface water of Lake Naivasha (Kenya) was determined. The surface water physicochemical parameters were measured in situ; microplastic samples were collected using plankton net trawls and treated with H2 O2 to decompose organic matter. The microplastic particles recovered were classified both by visual observation and by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The average microplastic concentration range in surface water was 0.183 ± 0.017 to 0.633 ± 0.067 particles/m2 , with the mean concentration being 0.407 ± 0.135 particles/m2 . Fragments, fibers, and films were identified and were mostly composed of polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyester. We also performed correlational analysis, which showed a strong positive association between microplastic quantity and turbidity, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in the lake. The high variability in microplastic densities exhibited between the sampled locations was attributed to human activities, water and wastewater intake through rivers and tributaries, and the presence of local wind patterns responsible for the general water circulation. Our assessment adds to the growing documentation of microplastic presence in freshwater ecosystems, and provides a baseline for future monitoring and assessment in sediment and biota of Lake Naivasha and other Kenyan freshwater systems. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:765-774. © 2020 SETAC.
journal_name
Environ Toxicol Chemjournal_title
Environmental toxicology and chemistryauthors
Migwi FK,Ogunah JA,Kiratu JMdoi
10.1002/etc.4677subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-01 00:00:00pages
765-774issue
4eissn
0730-7268issn
1552-8618journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Developing and validating quantitative cationic-activity relationships or (Q)CARs to predict the toxicity metals is challenging because of issues associated with metal speciation, complexation and interactions within biological systems and the media used to study these interactions. However, a number of simplifying as...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1897/02-568
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most toxicity tests investigate constant concentrations of a chemical. Concentrations of many compounds in the environment are dynamic, however, and individuals may be more sensitive to pulses of a chemical initiated at specific points during development. Realistic toxicity tests are important to accurately assess the...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/08-325.1
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment, organic enrichment, and oxygen depletion) is one of the most common sources of impairment in Clean Water Act 303(d)-listed waters in the United States. Although eutrophication can eventually cause adverse effects to the benthos, it may be difficult to diagnose. Sediment organ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.414
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluated if the element profiles in hair and nails of children from the Lake Victoria region in Kenya reflect uptake from food and the environment. To this purpose, the element concentrations in hair and nails were related to element concentrations measured in food items, water, and soil. The highes...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.1863
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) were measured in sediments from 29 sites throughout Taihu Lake in China during 2 seasons to investigate spatiotemporal characteristics and source contributions using a 3-way source apportionment approach to positive matrix factorization (PMF3). Seasonal and spatial variations of ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2628
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantitative mussel biomonitoring studies often use laboratory-measured whole-body elimination rate coefficients (k(tot) in conjunction with concentration data from field-deployed mussels to estimate bioavailable steady-state contaminant concentrations (C(m(ss)) in aquatic systems. However, the validity of applying la...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/08-115.1
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We evaluated the influence of waterborne and dietary lead (Pb) exposure on the acute and chronic toxicity of Pb to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test solutions were generated by a modified diluter with an extended (24-h) equilibration period. Acute (96-h) toxicity of Pb varied with water hardness in the range of 71 to...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-480r.1
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Luminescent bacterium Shk1 was created for the purpose of testing and screening the toxicity of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant influent to avoid toxic shock to the wastewater treatment plant microorganisms. The toxicity of a number of organic compounds was tested using an assay employing Shk1. Because the...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Field-related influences on polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure were evaluated by employing caged deposit-feeders, Neanthes arenaceodentata, along with polyoxymethylene (POM) samplers using parallel in situ and ex situ bioassays with homogenized untreated or activated carbon (AC) amended sediment. The AC amendment...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.367
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of passive sampling devices (PSDs) for monitoring hydrophobic organic contaminants in aquatic environments can entail logistical constraints that often limit a comprehensive statistical sampling plan, thus resulting in a restricted number of samples. The present study demonstrates an approach for using the res...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2014
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We analyzed the fate of organotins in seawater and sediments from Tokyo Bay, Japan, by gas chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also measured the toxicity of methylated butyltins by in vitro bioassays, the retinoid X receptor (RXR) activation method, and the marine luminescent bacterium Vibr...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/06-599.1
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotics are used to maintain healthy livestock and to promote weight gain in concentrated animal feed operations. Antibiotics rarely are metabolized completely by livestock and, thus, are often present in livestock waste and in waste-treatment lagoons. The introduction of antibiotics into anaerobic lagoons commonl...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-093r.1
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Minamata Convention aims to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury. In the present study, the provisions of the Minamata Convention are examined to assess their influence on global biogeochemical cycling of Hg. Although the convention's scope covers all major ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2374
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Six-month-old lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) and nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) were injected intraperitoneally with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) in corn oil or in vehicle alone. Liver samples were taken and stored at -80 degrees C until microsome preparation and monooxygenase assay. Skin samples were placed...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/2605021.1
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing density of golf courses represents a potential source of sediment contamination to nearby coastal areas, the chemical and biological magnitude of which is almost unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of contaminants and toxicities of sediments impacted by a coastal gol...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1390:sccata>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anion perchlorate (ClO4-) is an oxidizing component commonly used in solid propellants for rockets and missiles; in explosives, flares, fireworks, chemical processes, and automobile air-bag inflators; and for other assorted uses. With recent advances in analytical detection capability, perchlorate has been found i...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1897/02-648
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DNA microarray technology enables genome-wide detection of cell response at the transcriptional level. We are planning to make bioassay systems that can detect environmental chemicals to screen for potential bioreactive agents. To develop a DNA microarray for our purposes, the changes in gene expression underlying the...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2353:bocuad>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute and chronic bioassays were used to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects of copper chloride and tributyltin chloride on mahi mahi (Coryphaena hippurus) embryos, a pelagic life stage often found in the surface microlayer where anthropogenic contaminants can accumulate. Acute bioassay testing determined the me...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/07-369.1
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxicity and estrogenicity of a final treated municipal effluent was examined while flowing through a constructed wetland in north-central Texas, USA. Fish data were collected, and a baseline wetland characterization was performed to assess wetland treatment potential for these effluent properties. Vitellogenin (V...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<2268:aoteat>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leeches are widespread, found in many freshwater habitats, and have diverse dietary habits. Despite their close phylogenetic relationships to Mollusca, a phylum with species affected by exogenous estrogens, it is unclear whether Hirudinea may also be impacted. A whole-lake experiment was done at the Experimental Lakes...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4789
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Experimenters in toxicology often compare the concentration-response relationship between two distinct populations using the median lethal concentration (LC50). This comparison is sometimes done by calculating the 95% confidence interval for the LC50 for each population, concluding that no significant difference exist...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/05-320r.1
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study investigates the germination and growth of Triticum aestivum exposed to two different microcystins (microcystin-LR [where the two variable places in the toxin molecule are leucine (L) and arginine (R) (MC-LR)] and microcystin-RR) and to cell-free cyanobacterial crude extract containing MC-LR. The con...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/07-145.1
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Native freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are among the most imperiled faunal groups in the world. Factors contributing to the decline of mussel populations likely include pesticides and other aquatic contaminants; however, there is a paucity of data regarding the toxicity of even the most globally distributed pest...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/06-519R1.1
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fish acute toxicity test method is foundational to aquatic toxicity testing strategies, yet the literature lacks a concise sample size assessment. Although various sources address sample size, historical precedent seems to play a larger role than objective measures. We present a novel and comprehensive quantificat...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4098
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerns about screening endocrine-active contaminants have led to the development of a number of short-term fish reproductive tests. A review conducted of 62 published adult fish reproductive papers using various fish species found low samples sizes (mean of 5.7 replicates with a median of 5 replicates) and high vari...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/09-032.1
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoparticles of TiO2, ZrO2, AL2O3, CeO2, fullerene (C60), single-walled carbon nanotubes, and polymethylmethacrylate were tested for ecotoxic effects using one or more ecotoxicity endpoints: Microtox (bacteria), pulse-amplitude modulation (algae), Chydotox (crustaceans), and Biolog (soil enzymes). No appreciable effe...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/07-509.1
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonicotinoid pesticides are highly hydrophilic systemic insecticides that have been extensively used worldwide. To evaluate their environmental risks, the concentrations of these pesticides in the aquatic environment must be monitored. Although the polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) has proved to be a...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4729
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used globally on a wide range of crops through seed treatment as well as soil and foliar applications and have been increasingly studied in relation to the potential risk to bees because of their detection in pollen and nectar of bee-attractive crops. The present article reports th...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.4018
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Locomotor behavior in terrestrial organisms is crucial for burrowing, avoiding predators, food seeking, migration, and reproduction; therefore, it is a parameter with ecological relevance. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a nervous system enzyme inhibited by several compounds and widely used as an exposure biomarker in ...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1897/04-131r.1
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bird eggs are used widely as noninvasive bioindicators for environmental mercury availability. Previous studies, however, have found varying relationships between laying sequence and egg mercury concentrations. Some studies have reported that the mercury concentration was higher in first-laid eggs or declined across t...
journal_title：Environmental toxicology and chemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/etc.2976
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
