Structures and Functions of the Multiple KOW Domains of Transcription Elongation Factor Spt5.

Abstract:

:The eukaryotic Spt4-Spt5 heterodimer forms a higher-order complex with RNA polymerase II (and I) to regulate transcription elongation. Extensive genetic and functional data have revealed diverse roles of Spt4-Spt5 in coupling elongation with chromatin modification and RNA-processing pathways. A mechanistic understanding of the diverse functions of Spt4-Spt5 is hampered by challenges in resolving the distribution of functions among its structural domains, including the five KOW domains in Spt5, and a lack of their high-resolution structures. We present high-resolution crystallographic results demonstrating that distinct structures are formed by the first through third KOW domains (KOW1-Linker1 [K1L1] and KOW2-KOW3) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spt5. The structure reveals that K1L1 displays a positively charged patch (PCP) on its surface, which binds nucleic acids in vitro, as shown in biochemical assays, and is important for in vivo function, as shown in growth assays. Furthermore, assays in yeast have shown that the PCP has a function that partially overlaps that of Spt4. Synthesis of our results with previous evidence suggests a model in which Spt4 and the K1L1 domain of Spt5 form functionally overlapping interactions with nucleic acids upstream of the transcription bubble, and this mechanism may confer robustness on processes associated with transcription elongation.

journal_name

Mol Cell Biol

authors

Meyer PA,Li S,Zhang M,Yamada K,Takagi Y,Hartzog GA,Fu J

doi

10.1128/MCB.00520-15

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-10-01 00:00:00

pages

3354-69

issue

19

eissn

0270-7306

issn

1098-5549

pii

MCB.00520-15

journal_volume

35

pub_type

杂志文章
  • RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3Bp: selective RNA degradation and phosphorylation-dependent localization.

    abstract::Mitogen activation of mRNA decay pathways likely involves specific endoribonucleases, such as G3BP, a phosphorylation-dependent endoribonuclease that associates with RasGAP in dividing but not quiescent cells. G3BP exclusively cleaves between cytosine and adenine (CA) after a specific interaction with RNA through the ...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.21.22.7747-7760.2001

    authors: Tourrière H,Gallouzi IE,Chebli K,Capony JP,Mouaikel J,van der Geer P,Tazi J

    更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00

  • A Feedback Loop between MicroRNA 155 (miR-155), Programmed Cell Death 4, and Activation Protein 1 Modulates the Expression of miR-155 and Tumorigenesis in Tongue Cancer.

    abstract::MicroRNA 155 (miR-155) is an oncomir, generated as a noncoding RNA from the BIC gene whose promoter activity is mainly controlled via activation protein 1 (AP-1) and NF-κB transcription factors. We found that the expression levels of miR-155 and programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4) exhibit inverse relationships in tongue c...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.00410-18

    authors: Zargar S,Tomar V,Shyamsundar V,Vijayalakshmi R,Somasundaram K,Karunagaran D

    更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of a cis-acting DNA antisilencer element which modulates vimentin gene expression.

    abstract::Vimentin is a tissue-specific, developmentally regulated member of the intermediate filament protein family normally expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin. Transcription factors which recognize specific cis-acting elements of the chicken gene include Sp-1 and the 95-kDa silencer protein which binds to a 40-bp silen...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.12.5.2230

    authors: Stover DM,Zehner ZE

    更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00

  • Differential specificity for binding of retinoblastoma binding protein 2 to RB, p107, and TATA-binding protein.

    abstract::The growth suppressor activities of the RB and p107 products are believed to be mediated by the reversible binding of a heterogeneous family of cellular proteins to a conserved T/E1A pocket domain that is present within both proteins. To study the functional role of these interactions, we examined the properties of ce...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.14.11.7256

    authors: Kim YW,Otterson GA,Kratzke RA,Coxon AB,Kaye FJ

    更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00

  • Human colon carcinoma Ki-ras2 oncogene and its corresponding proto-oncogene.

    abstract::We isolated cDNA clones corresponding to the normal human Ki-ras2 gene and to the transforming allele of the Ki-ras2 gene present in the human colon carcinoma cell line SW480. These two cDNAs encode p21 proteins which differ only at the amino acid at position 12. The normal cDNA encodes a glycine at this position, and...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.4.8.1577

    authors: McCoy MS,Bargmann CI,Weinberg RA

    更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00

  • Absolute Amounts and Status of the Nrf2-Keap1-Cul3 Complex within Cells.

    abstract::The transcription factor Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor 2) is essential for the oxidative and electrophilic stress responses. Keap1 (Kelch-like-ECH-associated-protein 1), an adaptor for a cullin-3 (Cul3)-based ubiquitin ligase, regulates Nrf2 activity through proteasomal degradation, and acts as a sensor for oxidative and...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.00389-16

    authors: Iso T,Suzuki T,Baird L,Yamamoto M

    更新日期:2016-11-28 00:00:00

  • Purification and characterization of the stage-specific embryonic enhancer-binding protein SSAP-1.

    abstract::We have demonstrated that a highly conserved segment of DNA between positions -288 and -317 (upstream sequence element IV [USE IV]) is largely responsible for the transcriptional activation of the sea urchin H1-beta histone gene during the blastula stage of embryogenesis. This sequence is capable of acting as an embry...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.13.3.1746

    authors: DeAngelo DJ,DeFalco J,Childs G

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Transcriptional activation of the human cytotoxic serine protease gene CSP-B in T lymphocytes.

    abstract::The cytotoxic serine protease B (CSP-B) gene is activated during cytotoxic T-lymphocyte maturation. In this report, we demonstrate that the PEER T-cell line (bearing gamma/delta T-cell receptors) accumulates CSP-B mRNA following exposure to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and N6-2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.10.11.5655

    authors: Hanson RD,Ley TJ

    更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00

  • Organization of a Chinese hamster ovary dihydrofolate reductase gene identified by phenotypic rescue.

    abstract::We have constructed a genomic DNA library from a methotrexate-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHOC 400) in the cosmid vector pHC79. By utilizing a murine dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA clone, we have identified 66 DHFR+ clones among the 11,000 colonies screened by colony hybridization. To isolate a rec...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.3.7.1266

    authors: Milbrandt JD,Azizkhan JC,Greisen KS,Hamlin JL

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • An allelic series uncovers novel roles of the BRCT domain-containing protein PTIP in mouse embryonic vascular development.

    abstract::Pax transactivation domain-interacting protein (PTIP, or PAXIP1) is required for mouse development and has been implicated in DNA damage responses and histone modification. However, the physiological roles of PTIP during embryogenesis remain unclear due to early embryonic lethality of null mutants. We describe two N-e...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.00727-08

    authors: Mu W,Wang W,Schimenti JC

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • E1A 13S and 12S mRNA products made in Escherichia coli both function as nucleus-localized transcription activators but do not directly bind DNA.

    abstract::We previously purified and characterized functionally the Escherichia coli-expressed product of the human subgroup C adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA (B. Ferguson, N. Jones, J. Richter, and M. Rosenberg, Science 224:1343-1346, 1984; B. Krippl, B. Ferguson, M. Rosenberg, and H. Westphal, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:6988-6992,...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.5.10.2653

    authors: Ferguson B,Krippl B,Andrisani O,Jones N,Westphal H,Rosenberg M

    更新日期:1985-10-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of a family of related cellular transcription factors which can modulate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription in vitro.

    abstract::LBP-1 is a cellular protein which binds strongly to sequences around the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) initiation site and weakly over the TATA box. We have previously shown that LBP-1 represses HIV-1 transcription by inhibiting the binding of TFIID to the TATA box. Four similar but distinct cDNAs encodi...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.14.3.1776

    authors: Yoon JB,Li G,Roeder RG

    更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00

  • A critical role for the Wnt effector Tcf4 in adult intestinal homeostatic self-renewal.

    abstract::Throughout life, intestinal Lgr5+ stem cells give rise to proliferating transient amplifying cells in crypts, which subsequently differentiate into one of the five main cell types and migrate along the crypt-villus axis. These dynamic processes are coordinated by a relatively small number of evolutionarily conserved s...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.06288-11

    authors: van Es JH,Haegebarth A,Kujala P,Itzkovitz S,Koo BK,Boj SF,Korving J,van den Born M,van Oudenaarden A,Robine S,Clevers H

    更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and downstream Wnt signaling by axin.

    abstract::Axin is a recently identified protein encoded by the fused locus in mice that is required for normal vertebrate axis formation. We have defined a 25-amino-acid sequence in axin that comprises the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) interaction domain (GID). In contrast to full-length axin, which has been shown ...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.19.10.7147

    authors: Hedgepeth CM,Deardorff MA,Rankin K,Klein PS

    更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00

  • Replication past O(6)-methylguanine by yeast and human DNA polymerase eta.

    abstract::O(6)-Methylguanine (m6G) is formed by the action of alkylating agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on DNA. m6G is a highly mutagenic and carcinogenic lesion, and it presents a block to synthesis by DNA polymerases. Here, we provide genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of yeast an...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.20.21.8001-8007.2000

    authors: Haracska L,Prakash S,Prakash L

    更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00

  • Androgen receptor acetylation governs trans activation and MEKK1-induced apoptosis without affecting in vitro sumoylation and trans-repression function.

    abstract::The androgen receptor (AR) is a nuclear hormone receptor superfamily member that conveys both trans repression and ligand-dependent trans-activation function. Activation of the AR by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) regulates diverse physiological functions including secondary sexual differentiation in the male and the induc...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.22.10.3373-3388.2002

    authors: Fu M,Wang C,Wang J,Zhang X,Sakamaki T,Yeung YG,Chang C,Hopp T,Fuqua SA,Jaffray E,Hay RT,Palvimo JJ,Jänne OA,Pestell RG

    更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00

  • Both the SH2 and SH3 domains of human CRK protein are required for neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells.

    abstract::Human CRK protein is a homolog of the chicken v-crk oncogene product and consists mostly of src homology region 2 (SH2) and SH3, which are shared by many proteins, in particular those involved in signal transduction. SH2 has been shown to bind specifically to phosphotyrosine-containing peptides. We report here that bo...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.13.7.4409

    authors: Tanaka S,Hattori S,Kurata T,Nagashima K,Fukui Y,Nakamura S,Matsuda M

    更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00

  • Enhancement or inhibition of insulin signaling by insulin receptor substrate 1 is cell context dependent.

    abstract::Insulin treatment of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing high levels of the insulin receptor (CHO/IR cells) activates both c-fos serum response element and activator protein 1 (AP-1) reporter genes approximately 10-fold. In contrast, parental CHO cells display only two- to threefold insulin stimulation of rep...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.14.7.4427

    authors: Yamauchi K,Pessin JE

    更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00

  • Characterization of VSG gene expression site promoters and promoter-associated DNA rearrangement events.

    abstract::The expressed variant cell surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene of Trypanosoma brucei is located at the 3' end of a large, telomeric, polycistronic transcription unit or expression site. We show that the region 45 kb upstream of the VSG gene, in the expression site on a 1.5-Mb chromosome, contains at least two promoters th...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.11.5.2467

    authors: Gottesdiener K,Chung HM,Brown SD,Lee MG,Van der Ploeg LH

    更新日期:1991-05-01 00:00:00

  • Evidence that the functional beta-actin gene is single copy in most mice and is associated with 5' sequences capable of conferring serum- and cycloheximide-dependent regulation.

    abstract::Hybridization to synthetic oligonucleotides representing conserved regions in the promoter and first intron of several vertebrate beta-actin genes was used to discriminate between what appears to be a single functional beta-actin gene and numerous pseudogenes in the mouse genome. Sequences derived from the 5' end of t...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.8.1.480

    authors: Elder PK,French CL,Subramaniam M,Schmidt LJ,Getz MJ

    更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00

  • Null alleles of SAC7 suppress temperature-sensitive actin mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

    abstract::Extragenic suppressors of a new temperature-sensitive mutation (act1-4) in the actin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated in an attempt to identify genes whose products interact directly with actin. One suppressor with a cold-sensitive growth phenotype defined the new gene, SAC7, which was mapped, cloned, se...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.10.5.2308

    authors: Dunn TM,Shortle D

    更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00

  • The oncogenic capacity of HRX-ENL requires the transcriptional transactivation activity of ENL and the DNA binding motifs of HRX.

    abstract::The HRX gene (also called MLL, ALL-1, and Htrx) at chromosome band 11q23 is associated with specific subsets of acute leukemias through translocations that result in its fusion with a variety of heterologous partners. Two of these partners, ENL and AF9, code for proteins that are highly similar to each other and as fu...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.18.1.122

    authors: Slany RK,Lavau C,Cleary ML

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Simian virus 40 major late promoter: an upstream DNA sequence required for efficient in vitro transcription.

    abstract::We have previously identified an 11-base DNA sequence, 5'-G-G-T-A-C-C-T-A-A-C-C-3' (simian virus 40 [SV40] map position 294 to 304), which is important in the control of SV40 late RNA expression in vitro and in vivo (Brady et al., Cell 31:625-633, 1982). We report here the identification of another domain of the SV40 ...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.4.1.133

    authors: Brady J,Radonovich M,Thoren M,Das G,Salzman NP

    更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00

  • Multiple cis-acting sequence elements are required for efficient splicing of simian virus 40 small-t antigen pre-mRNA.

    abstract::We have determined the effects of a number of mutations in the small-t antigen mRNA intron on the alternative splicing pattern of the simian virus 40 early transcript. Expansion of the distance separating the small-t pre-mRNA lariat branch point and the shared large T-small t 3' splice site from 18 to 29 nucleotides (...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.8.9.3582

    authors: Fu XY,Colgan JD,Manley JL

    更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00

  • Apoptosis-inducing factor is a target for ubiquitination through interaction with XIAP.

    abstract::X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is an inhibitor of apoptotic cell death that protects cells by caspase-dependent and independent mechanisms. In a screen for molecules that participate with XIAP in regulating cellular activities, we identified apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) as an XIAP binding protein. Baculovir...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.01065-07

    authors: Wilkinson JC,Wilkinson AS,Galbán S,Csomos RA,Duckett CS

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Normal establishment of epithelial tight junctions in mice and cultured cells lacking expression of ZO-3, a tight-junction MAGUK protein.

    abstract::ZO-1, ZO-2, and ZO-3 are closely related MAGUK family proteins that localize at the cytoplasmic surface of tight junctions (TJs). ZO-1 and ZO-2 are expressed in both epithelia and endothelia, whereas ZO-3 is exclusively expressed in epithelia. In spite of intensive studies of these TJ MAGUKs, our knowledge of their fu...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.01811-05

    authors: Adachi M,Inoko A,Hata M,Furuse K,Umeda K,Itoh M,Tsukita S

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Three distinct modes of Mec1/ATR and Tel1/ATM activation illustrate differential checkpoint targeting during budding yeast early meiosis.

    abstract::Recombination and synapsis of homologous chromosomes are hallmarks of meiosis in many organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by Spo11-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), whereas chromosome synapsis is mediated by a tripartite structure named the synaptonemal complex (SC). Previously, we proposed that buddi...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.00438-13

    authors: Cheng YH,Chuang CN,Shen HJ,Lin FM,Wang TF

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Core binding factor cannot synergistically activate the myeloperoxidase proximal enhancer in immature myeloid cells without c-Myb.

    abstract::The myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene is transcribed specifically in immature myeloid cells and is regulated in part by a 414-bp proximal enhancer. Mutation of a core binding factor (CBF)-binding site at -288 decreased enhancer activity 30-fold in 32D cl3 myeloid cells cultured in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/mcb.17.9.5127

    authors: Britos-Bray M,Friedman AD

    更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00

  • Leaky scanning and reinitiation regulate BACE1 gene expression.

    abstract::beta-Site beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is the beta-secretase in vivo for processing APP to generate amyloid beta protein (Abeta). Abeta deposition in the brain is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology. Inhibition of BACE1 activity has major pharmaceutical potential f...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.26.9.3353-3364.2006

    authors: Zhou W,Song W

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress accelerates p53 degradation by the cooperative actions of Hdm2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.

    abstract::Inactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 by degradation is a mechanism utilized by cells to adapt to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the mechanisms of p53 destabilization by ER stress are not known. We demonstrate here that the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Hdm2 is essential for the nucleocytoplasmic transport and p...

    journal_title:Molecular and cellular biology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1128/MCB.25.21.9392-9405.2005

    authors: Pluquet O,Qu LK,Baltzis D,Koromilas AE

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00