Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:An increasing quantity of data is required to guide precision medicine and advance future healthcare practices, but current analytical methods often become overwhelmed. Artificial intelligence (AI) provides a promising solution. Plastic surgery is an innovative surgical specialty expected to implement AI into current and future practices. It is important for all plastic surgeons to understand how AI may affect current and future practice, and to recognise its potential limitations. METHODS:Peer-reviewed published literature and online content were comprehensively reviewed. We report current applications of AI in plastic surgery and possible future applications based on published literature and continuing scientific studies, and detail its potential limitations and ethical considerations. FINDINGS:Current machine learning models using convolutional neural networks can evaluate breast mammography and differentiate benign and malignant tumours as accurately as specialist doctors, and motion sensor surgical instruments can collate real-time data to advise intraoperative technical adjustments. Centralised big data portals are expected to collate large datasets to accelerate understanding of disease pathogeneses and best practices. Information obtained using computer vision could guide intraoperative surgical decisions in unprecedented detail and semi-autonomous surgical systems guided by AI algorithms may enable improved surgical outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Surgeons must collaborate with computer scientists to ensure that AI algorithms inform clinically relevant health objectives and are interpretable. Ethical concerns such as systematic biases causing non-representative conclusions for under-represented patient groups, patient confidentiality and the limitations of AI based on the quality of data input suggests that AI will accompany the plastic surgeon, rather than replace them.
journal_name
Ann R Coll Surg Engljournal_title
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of Englandauthors
Murphy DC,Saleh DBdoi
10.1308/rcsann.2020.0158subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-10-01 00:00:00pages
577-580issue
8eissn
0035-8843issn
1478-7083journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Benign breast disease accounts for the majority of referrals to a specialist breast clinic. Delayed investigation prolongs patient anxiety and increases outpatient waiting lists. Few centres offer the triple test of clinical examination, fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and breast imaging by mammography and/or u...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:About 60,000 patients are treated for hip fractures each year in the UK and the incidence is increasing. The majority of these patients are elderly and sick, and delay to operation may be fatal. The National Confidential Enquiry into Peri-Operative Deaths (NCEPOD) guidelines aim to improve quality of care fo...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588404323043283
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The increased use of diagnostic laparoscopy for management of right iliac fossa pain may have lowered the threshold for removing normal appendices, particularly as there is a perception that this practice carries little additional morbidity. The aim of this retrospective audit was to determine the negative...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588414X13946184903801
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annular small bowel ulceration is rare. We report three patients who presented with signs of chronic gastrointestinal blood loss. In two patients the main presenting symptom was intermittent abdominal pain while the third patient subsequently developed abdominal pain during the course of investigation. Preoperative lo...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gastric neuromodulation (GNM) has been advocated for the treatment of drug refractory gastroparesis or persistent nausea and vomiting in the absence of a mechanical bowel obstruction. There is, however, little in the way of objective data to support its use, particularly with regards to its effects on gas...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588411X13165261994157
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 24 patients where the lower border of a cervical goitre was poorly defined, the value of simple lung function tests in the prediction of the presence of a retrosternal goitre was assessed. At operation there were nine patients with retrosternal extension (Group I) and 15 without (Group II). The preoperative PEF rat...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has received much publicity and remains a major problem for the health service. The aim of this study was to determine whether case-notes of MRSA-positive patients can act as a vehicle for MRSA transmission. PATIENTS AND METHODS:A prospective study was pe...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588407X205341
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Haemorrhagic radiation proctitis frequently presents as a problem in management. We analysed the technique of formalin dab in its management. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Twenty patients presenting with haemorrhagic radiation proctitis and treated with formalin dab were prospectively analysed. RESULTS:Twelve patie...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588402320439702
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:International humanitarian law requires emergency medical support for both military personnel and civilians, including children. Here we present a detailed review of paediatric admissions with the pattern of injury and the resources they consume. METHODS:All paediatric admissions to the hospital at Camp B...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588412x13171221499027
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe three cases that presented with symptoms suggestive of appendicitis but were found at operation to have an inflamed solitary caecal diverticulum. All were treated successfully with diverticulectomy or inversion of the diverticulum. We wish to highlight this diagnosis and its surgical management so that inf...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588406X149336
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Intraoperative neural monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve has been widely used to avoid nerve injury during thyroidectomy. We discuss the results of the change in surgical strategy after unilateral signal loss surgeries using intermittent intraoperative neural monitoring in a high-volume referral c...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2019.0087
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The series comprises 6 patients (mean age, 21 years) who presented with an epidermoid cyst of the testis between 1991 and 1998. Pre-operative ultrasonography suggested the presence of a testicular cancer in 3 patients who underwent a radical orchidectomy. The ultrasound successfully predicted the true diagnosis in 3 p...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cutaneous manifestations of visceral carcinomas are scarce, occurring in around 0.7-12% of internal malignancies. Lung cancer is one of the most common sources of skin metastasis, particularly in male patients. We present a case of cutaneous metastasis in a man with concurrent lung lesions and a previously treated col...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2016.0088
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the proportion of all new and follow-up patients referred to general surgical outpatient clinics with breast problems. To ascertain how long these patients wait for an appointment and how many require investigation or admission for operation. To review our management of patients with breast prob...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pelvic acetabular injuries are associated with significant blood loss. This is compounded by multiple surgical interventions including definitive fracture fixation, which put patients at further risk of postoperative transfusion. We use intraoperative cell salvage routinely as a blood conservation strategy...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588413X13629960045715
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction Pseudoaneurysm formation following ankle arthroscopy is a rare but potentially catastrophic complication. The placement of anterior ankle portals carries inherent risk to the superficial and deep peroneal nerves, as well as to the dorsalis pedis artery. Anatomical variations in the dorsalis pedis and the ...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2016.0288
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/147870806X129223
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Serious complications of laparoscopic fundoplication (LF) have been reported by surgeons new to LF. We investigated whether the reported benefits of LF could be realised by an established consultant, new to LF, without compromising safety, control of reflux or dysphagia rates obtained after open surgery. PA...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:A study was completed to determine if operating has an effect on a surgeon's muscular fatigue. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Six head and neck surgery consultants, two ENT registrars, 20 normal controls from two tertiary referral centres in the West Midlands participated in the study. Electromyography (EMG) measur...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588408X321710
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of two chitosan formulations, Omni-Stat® granules and Celox Gauze®, in a model of major hepatic injury in the presence of clotting dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Major hepatic injuries in moderately heparinised swine were treated with either O...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588410X12699663903593
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a 10-year period (December 1984 to December 1994), 1500 cases of frostbite were treated at a tertiary care medical facility. They were all males with their ages ranging from 17 to 43 years. All the patients sustained the frostbite injury in the northeastern part of Pakistan known as the Karakoram range of mount...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2018.0063
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Surgical procedures incorporating a cosmetic element such as septorhinoplasty and otoplasty are currently under threat in the National Health Service (NHS) as they are deemed to be procedures of 'limited clinical benefit' by many primary care providers. Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), which asse...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/003588414X14055925059075
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of venous thromboembolism increases during pregnancy and postpartum. The incidence in the first six weeks following delivery is approximately 0.15%. Deep vein thrombosis may present with acute appendicitis-like symptoms such as right iliac fossa pain, nausea and vomiting. A 22-year-old woman was admitted with...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2020.0148
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite published criteria predicting poor survival after operation for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA), little is known about the factors which influence surgeons not to operate. Questionnaires were sent to all 404 members of the Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, posing questions about...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Finger discoloration may result from recognized conditions affecting upper limb vasculature. We describe 11 patients who presented with acute pain, swelling and blue/purple discoloration in a finger. This benign condition mimicked digital ischaemia. There were 9 women and 2 men. The episode usually started with an ach...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 62-year old man who presented unwell with no specific symptoms or signs was found to have portal venous circulation gas complicating a small diverticular abscess. He was successfully managed with a course of antibiotics and had full resolution of symptoms, therefore avoiding the need for surgical intervention. While...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/rcsann.2020.0089
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to use animal organs, such as from the pig, for the purposes of transplantation in humans, would clearly overcome the major shortage of human organs that greatly restricts transplantation programmes worldwide. Recent experimental advances have raised the possibility of renewed attempts at organ xenotranspl...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical, operative, and conventional radiological criteria may provide insufficient indications for exploration of the common bile duct. The technique of contact cholangiography improves the radiographic definition, especially in the obese, and has resulted in more positive choledochotomies and in fewer negative expl...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Massive plexiform neurofibromatosis is an uncommon manifestation of Type 1 neurofibromatosis. These tumours result in functional disability and severe disfigurement. Due to the variable natural history od these lesions, the optimal management is not well defined and surgery is often delayed until significant disfigure...
journal_title:Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1308/147870807X238230
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00