Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of COX-2 can reduce the antitumor effect of the immune system by inhibiting the proliferation of B and T lymphocytes. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was the first functionally characterized ligand of programmed cell death protein 1. It plays an important role in maintaining peripheral and central immune tolerance by combining with programmed cell death protein 1. Arginase 1 (ARG1) can process L-arginine in the local microenvironment and affect the function of T cells, resulting in immune escape. In this study, COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 expression in human pituitary adenoma (PA) and their relationship were investigated, which provided an initial theoretic basis for further study of the immune escape mechanism in PA in cellular and animal experiments. METHODS:The protein expression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in 55 PA samples was detected by immunohistochemistry, with 10 normal brain tissues as the control group. The location of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in PA cells was studied by double immunofluorescence colocalization. The results of immunohistochemistry were further verified by Western blot. RESULTS:The expression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 in PA was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissue. In functional PA (FPA) and nonfunctional PA (NFPA), there was no significant difference in the expression of COX-2 and PD-L1, whereas ARG1 was higher in NFPA. Moreover, the protein expression level of COX-2 was positively correlated with that of PD-L1 and ARG1, and the expression of PD-L1 was positively correlated with that of ARG1. Immunofluorescence confocal imaging showed that COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 were all expressed in the cytoplasm of PA cells, and the physical positions of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 were partially coincident. CONCLUSIONS:These findings indicate that overexpression of COX-2, PD-L1, and ARG1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of PA. ARG1 plays a more important role in the development of NFPA. By upregulating the expression of PD-L1, COX-2 may promote the expression of ARG1, forming the COX-2/PD-L1/ARG1 signal pathway in promoting the occurrence and development of PA. Perhaps further study of the pathogenesis of PA can start with the mechanism of immune escape.
journal_name
World Neurosurgjournal_title
World neurosurgeryauthors
Zhao G,Chen W,He J,Cui C,Zhao L,Zhao Y,Sun C,Nie D,Jin F,Kong Ldoi
10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.031subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-12-01 00:00:00pages
e660-e673eissn
1878-8750issn
1878-8769pii
S1878-8750(20)32039-8journal_volume
144pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Atlantoaxial instability, a common finding in patients with Down syndrome (DS), is attributed to laxity of ligamentous structures. Cervical spondylosis identified in these patients has a pathogenesis of ligament laxity and early degeneration compared with the normal population. No cases have been reported sh...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.040
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The American Association and Congress of Neurological Surgeons recommended mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) should be 85-90 mm Hg for the first 7 days. We evaluated whether hemodynamic management differed between a primary-receiving and tertiary hospital in th...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.04.106
更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Positional vertebral artery occlusion (PVAO) has a fundamental problem in the definition. We analyzed the long-term outcomes with a redefinition of the rare clinical entities as PVAO for a broader conceptualization, and discuss the efficacy of fusion surgery as a treatment option. METHODS:We analyzed the cli...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.03.089
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an alternative palliative therapy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy. It has been reported to be effective for both focal and generalized epilepsy; however, most of the relevant studies have involved children or young patients. Some patients develop intractable epilepsy after str...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.09.049
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Temporary placement of an internal distraction rod is one of the surgical options in the treatment of severe scoliosis to avoid preoperative halo traction or vertebral column resection. This technique can be applied in a single session or staged. The aim of our study was to report the outcomes of less-invasi...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.183
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment of giant vestibular schwannomas (GVS) is challenging. The philosophy of incomplete tumor resection may balance the preservation of facial nerve function and long-term tumor control. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to evaluate the outcome of facial nerve function and tumor control in treating GVS via o...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.119
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hiccups are a well-known short-term phenomenon in daily life. If they persist or become intractable, they may be a primary symptom of a disease. Recent studies identified the medulla oblongata as the neuroanatomic center of the hiccup reflex arc. In previous cases, an isolated lesion at the dorsal side of th...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.06.013
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Intracranial arterial dissection is an uncommon but well-recognized entity. Treatment remains variable, ranging from observation to intervention via the use of either surgical or endovascular techniques. Aneurysms along the lenticulostriate artery have been reported in only 41 patients. With the current case...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2012.12.006
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pediatric cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma is an exceedingly rare tumor. CASE DESCRIPTION:We describe the case of a 4-year-old boy with sudden mental status decline who was found to have a large intracranial lesion with intraventricular extension. CONCLUSION:Management of the case and pathologic findings are ...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.115
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Spinal metastatic disease compromises the quality of life and prognosis of the patients. Prognosis is an important factor for the decision-making process and needs to be precise in order to adjust the intensity of therapy. The Tokuhashi score is a universal instrument to determine the prognosis. The objectiv...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.11.033
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We describe a rare case of a sphenoid sinus myxoma that was resected via an endoscopic endonasal skull base approach. We review the literature regarding these rare tumors of the paranasal sinuses. CASE DESCRIPTION:A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with an incidental sphenoid sinus tumor and left sphenoid wi...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.04.019
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aberrant internal carotid artery (aICA) is an anatomic anomaly whereby the internal carotid artery courses through the tympanic cavity without separation by bone. Because aICA is rare, there are no definite treatment strategies for aICA and its complications. CASE DESCRIPTION:We report a case of aICA accomp...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.03.133
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To describe the neuroendoscopic technique to deal with intraventricular tumors. METHODS:Details of the endoscopic approach to intraventricular tumors of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricle are presented. RESULTS:Intraventricular tumors are ideal indications for neuroendoscopic surgery. They often cause...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2012.02.023
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Giant sacral schwannomas are rare and difficult to treat. Unexpected neurologic deficits after surgery and tumor recurrence should be considered when surgery is performed. We attempt to remove the tumors via piecemeal total or subtotal excision, leaving parts of the capsule adjacent to nerves to preserve the ...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.05.113
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on operative case volume in 8 U.S. neurosurgical residency training programs in early 2020 and to survey these programs regarding training activities during this period. METHODS:A retrospective review was conducted of monthly o...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.10.016
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine whether extended lesionectomy is needed for patients with cerebral cavernous malformations presenting with epilepsy as compared with lesionectomy. METHODS:A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Clinical Trials and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed for p...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.08.208
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Fusion surgery for lumbar degenerative stenosis is an established treatment mode. Despite comparable patient-related outcomes and radiologic results, the necessity of adding interbody fusion to posterolateral fusion remains controversial. We aimed to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of posterolate...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.05.165
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Based on our experience with the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and transorbital approach (TOA) for middle cranial fossa tumors, we evaluated the efficacy and limitations of visualization and the clinical outcomes associated with the approaches depending on the surgical corridors. In addition, we determ...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.11.090
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with brain tumors, particularly gliomas, commonly present with seizures. Higher incidence of seizure has been reported in low-grade gliomas and tumors located within the temporal and insular area. The association between IDH1 and IDH2 mutations with preoperative seizures in glioma and the magnitude ...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.112
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To report the comprehensive long-term functional and quality of life outcomes after craniectomy (CE) and craniotomy (CO) in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS:Information on all individuals with TBI who had undergone CE or CO were extracted from the TBI Model Systems database from 2002 to...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2018.07.124
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with dismal survival. This study aims to examine the prognostic value of primary tumor sites and race on survival outcomes. METHODS:Patient data obtained from the Scott and White Hospital Brain Tumor Registry (1976-2013) were stratified accor...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.09.104
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:For many years, the microsurgical transoral approach has been accepted as the gold standard for anterior decompressions of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). The introduction of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) has gained wide recognition and overwhelming support in recent years, including for disease...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.01.099
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors has been the standard therapy for decades. This approach offers surgeons an effective, safe, and wide exposure to the pituitary gland, with a relatively low mortality rate and acceptable complication rates. However, severe complications, including cereb...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2015.04.043
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although previous studies have reported the expression of JAK1, STAT3, and phosphorylated STAT3 in hypertrophied ligamentum flavum (LF), the role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway in hypertrophied LF has not been fully elucidated. The aim of thi...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.02.024
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate the noninferiority of facet joint- and nuchal ligament-sparing laminectomy (FNL) compared with conventional open-door laminoplasty. METHODS:This retrospective study analyzed 31 patients who underwent FNL (7 women; median age, 71 years) and 29 patients who underwent laminoplasty (9 women; media...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2020.01.187
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) is a surgical technique used to treat patients with a variety of lumbar pathologies. Identification of risk factors leading to complication following ALIF surgery may allow surgeons to better judge candidacy and optimize care for high-risk patients. METHODS:A retrospe...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.05.056
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine infection rate (IR) and to identify modifiable risk factors (RF) in cranial neurosurgery in a neurosurgical department for tertiary referral as part of an infection control surveillance to reduce surgical site infections (SSI). METHODS:A prospective SSI incidence cohort study from February 2013 ...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2017.12.062
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Central nervous system abscesses frequently can be seen in the immunocompromised population and most commonly consist of intracranial collections in the adult patient. Spinal intradural abscesses are less commonly encountered, and there are even fewer numbers in the pediatric population with a concordant abs...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.243
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cylindrical expandable cages are commonly used as interbody grafts after cervical, thoracic, or lumbar corpectomy in patients with osteomyelitis. Unfortunately, there is a high incidence of hardware subsidence due to small-diameter footplates. Newer expandable intervertebral cages with large rectangular endc...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.008
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The UNIPLATE was developed to improve operative times and limit dissection at the lateral margins of the vertebral bodies. The distinguishing character of this plate is its thin design, which requires only one screw per vertebral level (monovertebral screw plate). Most cervical spine plates, in contrast, a...
journal_title:World neurosurgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.wneu.2013.03.032
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00