Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Our previous work classified a taxonomy of suturing gestures during a vesicourethral anastomosis of robotic radical prostatectomy in association with tissue tears and patient outcomes. Herein, we train deep learning-based computer vision to automate the identification and classification of suturing gestures for needle driving attempts. METHODS:Using two independent raters, we manually annotated live suturing video clips to label timepoints and gestures. Identification (2,395 videos) and classification (511 videos) datasets were compiled to train computer vision models to produce 2- and 5-class label predictions, respectively. Networks were trained on inputs of raw red/blue/green pixels as well as optical flow for each frame. Each model was trained on 80/20 train/test splits. RESULTS:In this study, all models were able to reliably predict either the presence of a gesture (identification, area under the curve: 0.88) as well as the type of gesture (classification, area under the curve: 0.87) at significantly above chance levels. For both gesture identification and classification datasets, we observed no effect of recurrent classification model choice (long short-term memory unit versus convolutional long short-term memory unit) on performance. CONCLUSION:Our results demonstrate computer vision's ability to recognize features that not only can identify the action of suturing but also distinguish between different classifications of suturing gestures. This demonstrates the potential to utilize deep learning computer vision toward future automation of surgical skill assessment.
journal_name
Surgeryjournal_title
Surgeryauthors
Luongo F,Hakim R,Nguyen JH,Anandkumar A,Hung AJdoi
10.1016/j.surg.2020.08.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-09-26 00:00:00eissn
0039-6060issn
1532-7361pii
S0039-6060(20)30548-1pub_type
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