Abstract：
:It should be clear that there is no prescription for an ideal picture terminal or for an ideal image work station. Image informativeness, the ability to transmit the relevant diagnostic information to the viewer, is the most important medical consideration that has an impact on the individual patient, but short of doing extensive observer performance studies, there is no way of being absolutely sure that any given display method is transmitting visual information optimally. Certain principles are clear, however. Pixel clutter should be eliminated, and stochastic noise should be minimized. Contrast should be maximized, but there must be a rational relationship between the intensity of the stored image and the luminance of the displayed image. In my opinion, there should be a monotonically increasing relationship. Cross-sectional images and projection images, especially those of large body parts such as the chest, may not be analogous with regard to the method for contrast enhancement. Windowing, which works well for cross-sectional images, may produce bizarre appearances in projection images because of the nonlinearities in image intensity that are caused by overlapping structures. There is little objective information about the best format for displaying single images of large body parts or multiple images of any type. Although the development of picture terminals will undoubtedly be driven by economics and by the available technology, it might prove very fruitful to make the effort required to define the specifications for a picture terminal on the basis of the optimal transfer of visual information. Fortunately, people are highly adaptable and can learn to use almost anything to their advantage, but it would be a pity if digital image readers of the future have to decide which terminal or station is best on the basis of image aesthetics rather than diagnostic performance.
journal_name
Radiol Clin North Amjournal_title
Radiologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Kundel HLsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-03-01 00:00:00pages
69-78issue
1eissn
0033-8389issn
1557-8275journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The advent of surgical therapy for ischemic heart disease and the prospects for modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease have made the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients more important. Cardiac fluoroscopy is an inexpensive and relatively efficacious screening method for coro...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The soft tissue anatomy of the nasopharynx is presented in terms of deglutitional and masticatory muscle layers. Within this framework of analysis, computed tomography can detect relatively early soft tissue changes of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results of evaluation of the hila and mediastinum with 67Ga scans are contradictory, as are the recommendations by different investigators on the use of 67Ga scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of patients with primary lung carcinoma. Nevertheless, the economy and logistic simplicity of evaluating local and di...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MR and CT are complementary studies in evaluating inflammatory disease or neoplasms of the mastoid and middle ear cavities. CT should be performed prior to MR in the evaluation of patients with primary temporal bone pathology because of its ability to detect and delineate both soft tissue and bony abnormalities. CT sh...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal reproduction requires healthy female anatomy. Cervical, uterine, tubal, ovarian, and peritoneal factors can coexist and cause female infertility. Ultrasound, hysterosalpingography, MR imaging, and fallopian tube catheterization are the radiologists' armamentarium for diagnosis. This article illustrates importan...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(03)00064-2
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) and venous thrombosis are frequently encountered first in the emergency setting and share some common characteristics. The clinical presentation in both entities is vague, and the brain parenchymal findings of PRES syndrome may resemble those of venous thrombosis in ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.016
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systemic disorders can often be recognized or suspected from chest radiographs. This is often true in pediatric radiology. In this article, the author presents a sampling of metabolic, hematologic, and endocrine diseases as well as malformations that are recognizable on pediatric chest radiographs. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The more recent engineering and clinical aspects of interstitial hyperthermia are reviewed. The advantages and difficulties of microwave, radiofrequency, and ferromagnetic seeds are evaluated and some future directions for improvements are outlined. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overhead throwing motion is a complex sequence of maneuvers that requires coordinated muscle activity in the upper and lower extremities. The shoulder and elbow are subject to multidirectional forces and are particularly vulnerable to injury during specific phases of the overhead throwing motion. Ligamentous, tend...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2012.09.016
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United States, and 50 per cent of sources arise in the extracranial carotid arteries. Well-performed vascular surgery provides a low-risk approach in preventing this devastating event if these sources can be identified before the stroke occurs. An awareness of the ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computers should play an important role in mammography screening. This paper demonstrates the ability of a low-cost microcomputer-based data management system to speed up and make more efficient many aspects of both day-to-day and overall operation of a mammography screening practice. Specific computer procedures are ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteonecrosis is the devitalization of bone and consequent lytic changes. In the jaws, osteonecrosis is a pathologic consequence of prior radiation therapy (osteoradionecrosis) or certain antiresorptive medications. Herein, we review the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of these lesions, and describe the spect...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2017.08.006
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoporosis, a condition of decreased bone tissue that increases the likelihood of fracture, places a significant burden on our society in terms of health cost and morbidity. The most common type of osteoporosis is involutional, and two subtypes are recognized: type 1 and type 2. Type 1, or postmenopausal, osteoporos...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ischemic colitis accounts for more than half of all cases of gastrointestinal ischemia and constitutes between 1 per 2000 and 3 per 1000 acute hospital admission. It typically affects elderly patients, being a frequent cause of rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. This article describes the epidemiology, phy...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2008.06.003
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article addresses the dependence of the image characteristics in MR imaging of the orbit. Among the variables discussed are signal-to-noise (SNR), field of view (FOV), spatial resolution, and their interdependence. It is further shown how image contrast can be controlled by judicious choice of pulse timing parame...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seronegative spondylarthropathies are a group of multisystem inflammatory disorders that share a variety of clinical, radiologic, and genetic features. They include ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's disease, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews these mu...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammography is the only technology documented to reduce breast cancer mortality. Its sensitivity, however, is 75% to 80% at best and reduced to 30% to 50% in women with dense breasts. MR imaging is a sensitive modality for the detection of breast cancer but cannot be used in all patients. Its sensitivity is due in lar...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The historical, epidemiologic, clinical, and pathologic features of the phakomatoses are briefly reviewed in this article. The central nervous system manifestations of the phakomatoses on MR also are illustrated and described. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic mediated response in the lung to inhaled organic antigen. Farmer's lung and pigeon breeder's lung are the two most widely know disorders. The chest radiograph usually is normal in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When abnormal, the distribution of disease favors the lung bas...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in high-resolution prenatal ultrasound and fetal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging have changed the practice of obstetrics by allowing better visualization of intrathoracic and neck structures and better estimation of lung volumes. More accurate prenatal diagnosis has increased options for pregnancy management ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2011.06.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CT currently plays a vital role in pancreatic cancer staging. Continued advancements in computers, scanner technology, and 3D software have improved CT detection of smaller masses and staging. In particular, the introduction of MDCT and real-time 3D volume-rendering software have greatly improved the visualization of ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(02)00041-6
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Spinal stenosis in either the cervical or lumbar spinal segments is one of the most common indications for spine imaging and intervention, particularly among the elderly. This article examines the pathophysiology and imaging of the corresponding clinical syndromes, cervical spondylotic myelopathy or neurogenic intermi...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2012.04.007
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The updated American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) has been newly released. This article summarizes the changes and updates that have been made to BI-RADS. The goal of the revised edition continues to be the same: to improve clarification in image interpretation, maintai...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2014.02.008
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article serves as a practical reference to optimize the performance of computed tomography colonography in the detection of colorectal neoplasia. A specific protocol in use at 2 US university programs as well as defined interpretation strategies will be described. With this framework in place, various clinical pe...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2018.05.004
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Health care has changed dramatically over the last decade. Clinicians constantly are faced with decisions regarding the most cost-effective treatment while they maintain high-quality care. Musculoskeletal injuries commonly are seen in the practitioner's office, and thus it is important to find an effective imaging mod...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70118-4
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hepatic calcifications, the most common causes of which are calcified granuloma and hydatid disease, occur infrequently. When present, however, they invariably indicate an abnormality, the nature of which may usually be determined by abdominal ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, or conventional contrast radiography. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixty-four-slice CT typified the dramatic race in technical development in radiology. Featuring high spatial resolution with 0.5-mm thin slices and 0.3-second gantry revolution times, it has become state-of-the-art technology in CT imaging shortly after its clinical introduction. Three-dimensional tube modulation toge...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2008.10.004
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In single-center trials across 42,838 examinations, 150 (0.35%) cancers were identified only sonographically in average-risk women. Over 90% of the 126 women with sonographically depicted cancers had dense or heterogeneously dense parenchyma. Of the 150 cancers, 141 (94%) were invasive, with a mean size of 9 to 11 mm ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2004.04.003
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Improvements in scan speed and resolution are changing the role of the pulmonary imager. An understanding of airway mechanics and blood flow physiology is required to take full advantage of the new technology. Assessment of regional airflow and blood flow provides information that is currently unavailable from clinica...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sarcoidosis, a systemic disease of unknown cause, frequently involves the eye, orbit, and central nervous system. The MR imaging findings of orbital and optic pathway sarcoidosis may closely resemble several other orbital and intracranial diseases. This article reviews MR imaging findings of sarcoidosis when it involv...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70079-8
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
