Abstract:
:Mortality rates were examined among 3,324 Black and White daily opioid drug users for a four-year period following treatment in community-based agencies located across the United States. A total of 179 of these addicts died during this follow-up period, yielding a death rate of 15.2 per 1,000 person-years at risk. When adjusted for age, addict death rates were found to be three to 14 times higher than those in the general US population. Life table analysis was also used to examine these rates in relation to client demographic, background, and treatment variables obtained prospectively, both prior to and during treatment. Age, alcohol use, and criminal history were positively associated with higher death rates. With regard to causes of death, age proved to be the only significant predictor; older addicts (over 30) had the highest percentages of deaths due to "natural" causes, while over three-fourths of the deaths among younger addicts were drug related or involved violence.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Joe GW,Lehman W,Simpson DDdoi
10.2105/ajph.72.7.703subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1982-07-01 00:00:00pages
703-9issue
7eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
72pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:Prenatal care is commonly understood to have a beneficial impact on birthweight. This study describes socioeconomic differences in utilization of prenatal medical care and birthweight in a population with universal health insurance. METHODS:Measures of prenatal care utilization, incidence of pregnancy compl...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.9.1450
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The common operation of fuel-powered resurfacing equipment in enclosed ice skating rinks has the potential for producing high concentrations of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide. Exposures to these gaseous combustion products may adversely affect the health of those inside the rink. Little information is ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.84.3.429
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report the effects of age error on use of weight-for-age and height-for-age for assessing and screening malnutrition, and for identifying factors of malnutrition in 679 children aged 22-59 months in Companiganj, in rural Bangladesh. Overreporting and random error in age and correlation of age error with each of the...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.3.280
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although community development and social change are not explicit goals of community-oriented primary care (COPC), they are implicit in COPC's emphasis on community organization and local participation with health professionals in the assessment of health problems. These goals are also implicit in the shared understan...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.11.1713
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) 2010 parental insurance coverage extension to young adults aged 19 to 25 years on health insurance coverage and access to care, including racial/ethnic disparities. METHODS:We pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304276
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiologists, biostatisticians, and health physicists frequently serve as expert consultants to lawyers, courts, and administrators. One of the most common errors committed by experts is to equate, without qualification, the attributable fraction estimated from epidemiologic data to the probability of causation req...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.8.1166
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We explored insurers' perceptions regarding barriers to reimbursement for oral rapid HIV testing and other preventive screenings during dental care. METHODS:We conducted semistructured interviews between April and October 2010 with a targeted sample of 13 dental insurance company executives and consultants,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301825
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined the influence of neighborhood environment on the weight status of adults 55 years and older. METHODS:We conducted a 2-level logistic regression analysis of data from the 2002 wave of the Health and Retirement Study. We included 8 neighborhood scales: economic advantage, economic disadvantage, ai...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.127712
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We aimed to determine whether syringe exchange programs (SEPs) currently receive or anticipate pursuing federal funding and barriers to funding applications following the recent removal of the long-standing ban on using federal funds for SEPs. METHODS:We conducted a telephone-administered cross-sectional su...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300595
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study assessed the need for physician services among a group of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals in anticipation of their transfer to community residential facilities and subsequent management of their care by community-based physicians. The clients' personal physicians in the institution identifie...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.10.1202
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the field of social sciences, there has been a renewed interest in studying prejudice and discrimination as stressors and assessing their impact on various health outcomes. This raises a need for theoretically based and psychometrically sound measures of prejudice. As researchers approach this task, there are sever...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.93.2.262
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:How do health care professionals assess the care of hospital patients near the end of life? Are physicians and nurses aware of and in agreement with national recommendations regarding patients' rights to forgo life-sustaining medical treatments and to receive adequate pain control? METHODS:We surveyed 687 p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.83.1.14
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use by 901 high school students in two Arkansas communities, and identified factors associated with initiation and maintenance. Results showed that 36.7 per cent of males and 2.2 per cent of females currently used smokeless tobacco. Modal responses indicated that if smok...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.76.2.190
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We sought to describe the characteristics and sleep circumstances of infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly and to examine similarities and differences in risk factors among infants whose deaths are classified as resulting from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), suffocation, or undetermined causes. MET...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300613
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We systematically reviewed the literature on the impact of returning to work on health among working-aged adults. METHODS:We searched 6 electronic databases in 2005. We selected longitudinal studies that documented a transition from unemployment to employment and included a comparison group. Two reviewers i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300401
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1978 to 1983, researchers at the University of North Carolina conducted a National Evaluation of Rural Primary Care Programs. Thirty years later, many of the programs they studied have closed, but the challenges of providing rural health care have persisted. I explored the histories of 4 surviving rural primary c...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.146050
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Researchers have a responsibility to cause no harm, but research has been a source of distress for indigenous people because of inappropriate methods and practices. The way researchers acquire knowledge in indigenous communities may be as critical for eliminating health disparities as the actual knowledge that is gain...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2006.093641
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a large scale program to improve health care for high-risk adolescents. Seven clinics, funded to provide comprehensive primary care to adolescents, were compared to three non-funded clinics. The majority of the 2,788 adolescent patients sampled in these clinics ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.8.999
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many people (40 per cent) receive each year some personal health service provided by local health departments. A substantial number of poor children (50 per cent) look to public agencies including health departments for all or part of their medical care. A number of departments including those represented in this stud...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.1_suppl.15
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the roles of Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPMs) and orthopedic surgeons in the provision of foot surgery by analyzing the 1982 computerized claims of over 1.1 million federal employees, retirees, and family members. We found that DPMs provided over 60 per cent of all elective insured foot surgery. Withou...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.77.8.987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Falls and fall-induced injuries in older people are a major public health problem in modern societies with aging populations. Injury is the fifth leading cause of death in older adults, and most of these fatal injuries are related to falls. We have assessed the nationwide trends in fall-induced deaths of older people ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.047779
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We assessed differences in HIV prevalence and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) between 1997 and 2002 in San Francisco. METHODS:We used 2 population-based random-digit-dial telephone surveys of MSM households in San Francisco in 1997 (n=915) and 2002 (n=879). RESULTS:Estimated HIV ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062851
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objectives. To describe partnerships between US local health departments (LHDs) and community organizations and assess the relationship between the types of activities performed in these partnerships and LHD engagement in population-based activities to prevent mental health conditions.Methods. Data were derived from 4...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305646
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Just before and 4 months after initiation of a condom giveaway program, a questionnaire regarding sexual behavior and condom acquisition was administered to 103 men attending an outpatient drug abuse treatment clinic. Jars filled with a variety of condoms were placed in every clinic room. Condom taking varied as a fun...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.11.1536
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Curriculum development in masters of public health programs that effectively meets the complex challenges of the 21st century is an important part of public health education and requires purposeful thinking. Current approaches to training the public health work-force do not adequately prepare professionals to be cultu...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.062950
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We examined associations among 3 dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, behavior, and attraction) and key health-related indicators commonly studied among sexual minority populations: depressive symptoms, perceived stress, smoking, binge drinking, and victimization. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Na...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300262
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::On June 20, 1997 a group of attorneys and health advocates proposed a "global settlement" of all public and private litigation against the tobacco industry. This agreement was controversial, and the subsequent implementing legislation was defeated. We sought to determine whether the global settlement represented a "mi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.2.218
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1021
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maternal mortality remains one of the most daunting public health problems in resource-poor settings, and reductions in maternal mortality have been identified as a prominent component of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. The World Health Organization estimates that 515000 women die each year from pregn...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2003.036715
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To assess potential reductions in premature mortality that could have been achieved in 2008 to 2012 if the minimum wage had been $15 per hour in New York City. METHODS:Using the 2008 to 2012 American Community Survey, we performed simulations to assess how the proportion of low-income residents in each neig...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2016.303188
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00