Abstract:
:Just before and 4 months after initiation of a condom giveaway program, a questionnaire regarding sexual behavior and condom acquisition was administered to 103 men attending an outpatient drug abuse treatment clinic. Jars filled with a variety of condoms were placed in every clinic room. Condom taking varied as a function of room. Sixty percent of the subjects reported taking condoms. At follow-up, clients reported increases in condom possession and in use of condoms for vaginal intercourse.
journal_name
Am J Public Healthjournal_title
American journal of public healthauthors
Calsyn DA,Meinecke C,Saxon AJ,Stanton Vdoi
10.2105/ajph.82.11.1536subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-11-01 00:00:00pages
1536-8issue
11eissn
0090-0036issn
1541-0048journal_volume
82pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Accidental exposure to the blood of hepatitis B patients produced less fear than does accidental exposure today to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), even though both have an approximately equal overall risk of death (approximately 1%). Subjects responding to hypothetical insect-exposure and disease-exposure scen...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.4.584
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::African Americans and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Within the most heavily affected cities, a few neighborhoods account for a large share of new HIV infections. Addressing racial and economic disparities in HIV infection requires an implementation program and research agenda that...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301864
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:We describe common surgical and medical hospital admission rates for Maryland residents, exploring systematic effects of race and income. METHODS:The data comprise Maryland hospital discharges and population estimates for 1985 to 1987. Patient income is the race-specific median family income of residence zi...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.11.1435
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We estimated the extent to which time spent watching television is associated with obesity and super-obesity among 6,138 employed adult males. After adjustment for age, smoking status, length of work week, measured physical fitness, and reported weekly hours of exercise, people who viewed TV more than three hours/day ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.79.4.516
更新日期:1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Health officials often wish to sponsor nutrition and other health promotion programs but are hampered by lack of funding. One source of funding is suggested by the fact that 18 states and 1 major city levy special taxes on soft drinks, candy, chewing gum, or snack foods. The tax rates may be too small to affect sales,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.90.6.854
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We determined differences in weight at age 18 years and at current age and weight change by sexual orientation within different racial/ethnic populations, stratifying by gender. METHODS:We used 2001-2007 data from the California Health Interview Survey, resulting in an unweighted sample of 120,274 individua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2013.301391
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using claims data from 443 employee groups in North Carolina, this study examines the acute care hospital utilization rates of hospital employees and their dependents and compares them to employee groups in non-hospital settings. Results show that hospital employee groups account for 28 per cent more hospital days tha...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.71.9.1021
更新日期:1981-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To examine the impact of the Affordable Care Act's (ACA's) 2010 parental insurance coverage extension to young adults aged 19 to 25 years on health insurance coverage and access to care, including racial/ethnic disparities. METHODS:We pooled data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the p...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.304276
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the dissemination of principles of medical ethics in prisons, formulated and advocated by numerous international organizations, health care professionals in prisons all over the world continue to infringe these principles because of perceived or real dual loyalty to patients and prison authorities. Health car...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2011.300374
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolution of international health has typically been assessed from the standpoint of central institutions (international health organizations, foundations, and development agencies) or of one-way diffusion and influence from developed to developing countries. To deepen understanding of how the international health...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2004.038778
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This report examines the impact of an economic embargo from 1991 to 1994 on health, well-being, and human rights in Haiti. METHODS:Data from surveillance systems for nutrition, reportable diseases, and hospital diagnoses were combined with survey data and interviews with affected women, governmental represe...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.89.10.1499
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We investigated the relationship between breastfeeding, asthma and atopy, and child body mass index (BMI). METHODS:From a prospective birth cohort (n = 2860) in Perth, Western Australia, 2195 children were followed up to age 6 years. Asthma was defined as doctor-diagnosed asthma and wheeze in the last year,...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.94.9.1531
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have indicated that cigarette smokers have more occupational accidents and injuries and use more sick time and health benefits than nonsmokers, thereby producing sizeable costs for employers. However, they usually have not controlled for other possible sources of these costs. We analyzed occupational...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.82.1.29
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship of physical activity to the development of definite coronary heart disease was examined separately in middle-aged (45-64 years) and elderly men (65-69 years) participating in the Honolulu Heart Program. After 12 years of follow-up, results indicate that increased levels of physical activity reported a...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.78.6.683
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeless children in New York City had an extremely high asthma prevalence-40%-in a cross-sectional study at 3 shelters (n=740) during 1998 to 1999. We used the same protocol to summarize subsequent data through December 2002. Asthma prevalence was 33% (n=1636); only 15% of the children previously diagnosed were takin...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.070482
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper examines the relative importance of various independent variables for predicting five separate measures of physician utilization in a rural community. The independent variables include socioeconomic, demographic, attitudinal, and health status factors. The results are comparable to those of national studies...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.66.9.865
更新日期:1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in pregnant women in rural South Africa and to determine the value of using abnormal urogenital symptoms to identify infected women. METHODS:This was a cross-sectional study of 327 patients attending prenatal clini...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.88.8.1243
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We estimated the effect of the ACA expansion of dependents' coverage on health care expenditures and utilization for young adults by race/ethnicity. METHODS:We used difference-in-difference models to estimate the impact of the ACA expansion on health care expenditures, out-of-pocket payments (OOP) as a shar...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302542
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of 2 large field studies on the impact of the polio eradication initiative on health systems and 3 supplementary reports were presented at a December 1999 meeting convened by the World Health Organization. All of these studies concluded that positive synergies exist between polio eradication and health sys...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.92.1.19
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We quantified the relationship between gonorrheal infection rates in California and a measure of poverty status and investigated how this relationship and the spatial dispersion of cases varied among the 4 dominant racial/ethnic groups in the state. METHODS:We geocoded gonorrhea cases reported in California...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2009.172965
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:We surveyed young men on their experiences of police encounters and subsequent mental health. METHODS:Between September 2012 and March 2013, we conducted a population-based telephone survey of 1261 young men aged 18 to 26 years in New York City. Respondents reported how many times they were approached by Ne...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2014.302046
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study examined the relationship of sociodemographic factors and use of substances other than cocaine to cocaine use from 1987 to 1992 in a cohort of Black and White men and women 20 to 32 years of age. METHODS:Data were collected as part of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Se...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.2105/ajph.86.12.1736
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A deeper understanding of how structure and environment shape the sexual and reproductive health vulnerabilities of youths across a range of outcomes has implications for the development of successful policies and programs. We have discussed some of the key structural and environmental factors that influence the sexua...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302740
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In an effort to keep abreast of the changing needs of a more affluent society and to ensure better value for money, the British are reforming their National Health Service. They are promoting competition and entrepreneurship, and directing funding to follow a patient rather than flowing directly to institutions. Briti...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.81.12.1566
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most exposure to low-level ionizing radiation, both diagnostic x-rays and nuclear radiation, occur in the range between 100 milirads and 10 rads--the "one rad range". In the past, the estimates of hazards in this range have been obtained by linear extrapolation from data on persons who were exposed to much higher dosa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.69.2.130
更新日期:1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In northern Uganda, physical and structural violence (political repression, economic inequality, and gender-based discrimination) increase vulnerability to HIV infection. In settings of war, traditional HIV prevention that solely promotes risk avoidance and risk reduction and assumes the existence of personal choice i...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2005.072777
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To identify determinants of receipt of annual oral health examinations and self-rated oral health among diverse Asian American subgroups. METHODS:We used data from the Community Health Resources and Needs Assessment, a community-based survey of Asian American immigrant adults conducted in the New York City ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2017.303661
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this study was to elucidate changes in attitudes, experiences, readiness, and confidence levels of medical residents to perform screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) and factors that moderate these changes. METHODS:A cohort of 121 medical residents received an educa...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300802
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine the impact of the 2007-2009 economic crisis on tuberculosis (TB) trends among California residents. METHODS:We analyzed available data from 4 different population-representative data sets. We used time charts, trend lines, and change-point detection tests during 2000 to 2016 to describe TB tren...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/AJPH.2018.304816
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adverse demonstrable health effects linked to the individual's smoking were shown to 2,689 American workers to motivate cessation during routine examinations to detect asbestosis. This intervention was evaluated six to 25 months later by a mailed questionnaire and by telephone to non-responders. Results were compared ...
journal_title:American journal of public health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2105/ajph.80.11.1334
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00