Abstract：
:Several large-scale prospective clinical studies establish the validity of managing probably benign breast lesions with periodic mammographic surveillance as a safe and effective alternative to immediate tissue diagnosis. This approach to mammographic interpretation is now very widely accepted; the American College of Radiology indeed includes "probably benign - short interval follow-up suggested" as one of the five final assessment categories in the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), which all American radiologists are encouraged to use. There is also general consensus that probably benign interpretations should involve (1) cases restricted to nonpalpable lesions; (2) use of the specific imaging criteria described in the prospective clinical studies; and (3) pre-interpretation comparison with prior mammograms, if available, to ensure that new or progressing lesions undergo prompt biopsy (it makes no sense to recommend follow-up for a lesion that has already demonstrated interval progression when the very demonstration of progression during surveillance is what prompts biopsy instead of continued follow-up). As yet unresolved issues concerning probably benign lesions include whether initial full problem-solving imaging should be performed in all cases, whether to use patient age and lesion size (for solitary masses) as additional criteria in deciding between the management alternatives of mammographic follow-up and immediate tissue diagnosis, and what should be the specific timing, frequency, and duration of the follow-up examinations that constitute the surveillance protocol.
journal_name
Radiol Clin North Amjournal_title
Radiologic clinics of North Americaauthors
Sickles EAsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-11-01 00:00:00pages
1123-30issue
6eissn
0033-8389issn
1557-8275journal_volume
33pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The evaluation of infantile vomiting is bound up with many unresolved questions and continually evolving imaging technologies. This article addresses three specific areas of interest: the use of newer low-osmolality, water-soluble contrast media in the infant's gastrointestinal tract; the ever-controversial subject of...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Musculoskeletal traumatic injuries in children demonstrate characteristic imaging findings. The physis is the most susceptible structure to traumatic injury. The periosteum in children plays a key role in rapid bone healing and stability. The main complications of fractures in children are premature physeal closure, p...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2017.02.011
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major strengths of F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in breast cancer imaging is in the evaluation of patients who have suspected loco-regional recurrence or distant metastasis. In general, FDG-PET is more sensitive than conventional imaging for the detection of recurrent diseas...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2007.05.005
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current prostate cancer management paradigm has been criticized in recent years for contributing to the overdiagnosis and overtreatment of the disease. Active surveillance is an avenue by which to reduce overtreatment, but patient selection and monitoring remain a challenge. The use of prostate MR imaging has been...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2017.10.006
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MRI is a powerful noninvasive imaging tool with high spatial resolution that continues to prove its value in determining atherosclerotic plaque size, volume, and tissue components. Multispectral MRI sequences have been validated to characterize atherosclerotic plaque components in animals; they have recently been appl...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(02)00019-2
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is an immunologic mediated response in the lung to inhaled organic antigen. Farmer's lung and pigeon breeder's lung are the two most widely know disorders. The chest radiograph usually is normal in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When abnormal, the distribution of disease favors the lung bas...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central nervous system complications in AIDS patients are common and often the cause of severe morbidity and mortality. Most symptomatic central nervous system complications in AIDS patients involve the brain, principally in the form of HIV encephalitis, various other forms of infection, or development of neoplasms. T...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since its inception, CT scan has had a dominant role in hepatic imaging. Recent advances including helical CT scan and bolus-triggered scan initiation software packages have had a significant impact. Issues regarding volume, rate of administration, and type of intravenous contrast are being distilled. Workstations for...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70020-8
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scrotal ultrasound is now the first and only imaging examination necessary to evaluate the scrotal contents. This article first discusses normal scrotal anatomy, and then examines the imaging findings of various malignant and benign scrotal masses. Other topics include cryptorchidism, extratesticular abnormalities, an...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultrasonography is a dynamic, powerful, and readily available tool in the armamentarium of biliary diagnosis. The use of this modality is indicated in the initial work-up of jaundice since ultrasonography is exquisitely sensitive to the presence of intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary dilatation. The liver and pancrea...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the mid 1980s, sonography has been used to evaluate the rotator cuff. It is inexpensive, well tolerated, rapidly performed, and accurate. With the recent improvements in imaging equipment and refinements in scanning technique, an increasing number of radiologists are performing shoulder sonography. This article ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70128-7
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The upper gastrointestinal series traditionally includes fluoroscopy and filming of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. Optimal use of each of the available examination techniques in these regions is discussed in this article. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neck visceral space is a complex region housing several vital structures. Diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of neck visceral injuries. Many injuries are initially missed by both clinicians and radiologists because of their infrequency and the high likelihood of other more obvious injurie...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2019.02.005
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The posterior skull base can be involved by a variety of pathologic processes. They can be broadly classified as: traumatic, neoplastic, vascular, and inflammatory. Pathology in the posterior skull base usually involves the lower cranial nerves, either as a source of pathology or a secondary source of symptoms. This r...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2016.08.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Myelopathy refers to any pathologic process that involves the spinal cord, and can be caused by a variety of different diseases. MR imaging is the primary modality for evaluating the patient presenting with myelopathy. The first step must be the exclusion of spinal cord compression. Although the MR features of many ca...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2018.09.006
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basketball injuries are most prevalent in the lower extremity, especially at the ankle and knee. Most basketball injuries are orthopedic in nature and commonly include ligament sprains, musculotendinous strains, and overuse injuries including stress fractures. By virtue of its excellent contrast resolution and depicti...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.007
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of patients who present to the emergency department with acute left upper quadrant (LUQ) pain. Multidetector computed tomography is currently the primary modality used for imaging these patients. The peritoneal reflections, subperitoneal compartment, and peritoneal spaces o...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2015.06.003
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MRT can detect accurately articular cartilage injuries and associated bone, meniscal, and ligament injuries. Identification and characterization of articular cartilage abnormalities is important for determination of prognosis, therapeutic decision making, and preoperative planning. ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(02)00034-9
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this article, the numerous proven applications of diagnostic ultrasound to the assessment of disease processes affecting the popliteal fossa and lower extremities have been discussed. Popliteal cysts and aneurysms, hematomas, cellulitis, abscesses, soft tissue neoplasms, and other space-occupying fluid collections ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sella and parasellar region, found between the anterior and central skull base, represents the central aspect of the skull base. Given the location of the pituitary gland in this location, small lesions in this location may have major physiologic effects on the human body. This article reviews the anatomy, develop...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2016.09.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Malignant uveal melanomas are the most common primary intraocular malignant tumors in adults. Choroidal hemangiomas are congenital, benign, vascular lesions that may be confused with malignant uveal melanomas on clinical examination. The MR imaging characteristics of uveal melanomas and choroidal hemangiomas are diffe...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70233-5
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neonatal cranial ultrasound continues to be a popular initial imaging modality because of the safety, low-cost, and portability of the examination. The higher frequency transducers and enhanced ability for signal processing that is possible with current ultrasound machines improves visualization of complex congenital ...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70253-0
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of sports injuries of childhood and adolescence. The injuries discussed are typical of those seen in the skeletally immature athlete. Imaging specialists must be able to apply the full range of imaging modalities when evaluating the injured young athlete....
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70310-9
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of colorectal cancer screening programs in many countries has led to increasingly large numbers of patients undergoing optical colonoscopy. Although acute complications from screening optical colonoscopy are uncommon, they may occur in up to 5% or more of patients where biopsies or therapeutic procedur...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2014.05.012
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The seronegative spondylarthropathies are a group of multisystem inflammatory disorders that share a variety of clinical, radiologic, and genetic features. They include ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, Reiter's disease, and arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews these mu...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of imaging modalities, such as conventional radiography, arthrography, ultrasonography, and MR imaging, can be used in the evaluation of shoulder pain related to impingement, tendinosis, and rotator cuff tear. Of these techniques, only MR imaging provides anatomic information coupled with superior soft-tissue...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The overhead throwing motion is a complex sequence of maneuvers that requires coordinated muscle activity in the upper and lower extremities. The shoulder and elbow are subject to multidirectional forces and are particularly vulnerable to injury during specific phases of the overhead throwing motion. Ligamentous, tend...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2012.09.016
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cross-sectional imaging techniques such as CT and MR imaging have advantages over traditional barium fluoroscopic techniques in their ability to visualize superimposed bowel loops better and to improve visualization of extraluminal findings and complications. This article discusses MR imaging of the small bowel with e...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2007.03.012
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The past decade has brought rapid advances in CT technology, which allows increasingly precise application to the study of coronary arteries and acute chest pain. The literature has expanded to lend quantifiable justification to the intuitive appeal of a rapid, reproducible, 3D study of the heart and vasculature. More...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.rcl.2010.05.003
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The advent of surgical therapy for ischemic heart disease and the prospects for modification of risk factors for coronary artery disease have made the detection of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic patients more important. Cardiac fluoroscopy is an inexpensive and relatively efficacious screening method for coro...
journal_title：Radiologic clinics of North America
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
