Abstract：
:Diabetes mellitus belongs to the most rapidly increasing diseases worldwide. Approximately 90-95% of these patients suffer from type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is characterized by peripheral insulin resistance and the progressive loss of beta-cell function and mass. Considering the complications of this chronic disease, a reliable anti-diabetic treatment is indispensable. An ideal oral anti-diabetic drug should not only correct glucose homeostasis but also preserve or even augment beta-cell function and mass, ameliorate the subclinical inflammation present under insulin-resistant conditions and prevent the macro- and microvascular consequences of diabetes in order to reduce the mortality. Despite the many anti-diabetic drugs already in use, there is an ongoing research for additional drugs, guided by different concepts of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. This review will briefly summarize current oral anti-diabetic drugs. In addition, emerging strategies for the treatment of diabetes will be described, among them the inhibition of glucagon action and anti-inflammatory drugs. Their suitability as 'ideal anti-diabetic drugs' will be discussed.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Kaiser D,Oetjen Edoi
10.1111/bph.12624subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-06-01 00:00:00pages
2940-50issue
12eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381journal_volume
171pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:1. We have studied whether a nucleotide receptor mediates the effects of extracellular ATP and UTP on phosphatidylcholine metabolism in rat cultured glomerular mesangial cells. 2. ATP and UTP stimulated a biphasic 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) formation in [3H]-arachidonic acid-labelled mesangial cells. In contrast, in cel...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1993.tb13890.x
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A study has been made of the effects of cocaine and sympathetic denervation on responses of the cat spleen to (-)-noradrenaline and (-)-isoprenaline.2. Responses of isolated strips of spleen capsule to (-)-noradrenaline or to (-)-isoprenaline were not affected by reserpine-pretreatment.3. In adult cats, cocaine (1 ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1973.tb08255.x
更新日期：1973-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Fibrosis, a pathological accumulation of collagen in tissues, represents a major global disease burden. Effective characterization of potential antifibrotic drugs has been constrained by poor formation of the extracellular matrix in vitro, due to tardy procollagen processing by collagen C-protein...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00387.x
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on the histamine-forming capacity (HFC) of human isolated leucocytes have been studied, in vitro.2 It was confirmed that antigen significantly stimulates the HFC of human leucocytes.3 beta-Adrenoceptor stimulants, such as isoprenaline and salbutamol (10(-6)-10(-...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09702.x
更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Tumour cell migration and adhesion constitute essential features of metastasis. G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a lysophospholipid receptor, has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the involvement of GPR55 in migration and metastasis of colon cance...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13345
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The binding of 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin to chicken brain membranes, and the inhibition of binding by melatonin, N-acetyltryptamine and luzindole, were examined at temperatures between 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. 2. At all temperatures studied, the binding affinity (Kd or Ki) for 2-[125I]-iodomelatonin, melatonin (b...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14059.x
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nicotine and dimethyl-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) increased intravesicular pressure and then transiently depressed the spontaneous activity of the urinary bladder in chloralose anaesthetized cats. Adrenaline (5-10 micrograms kg-1), noradrenaline (5-20 micrograms kg-1) and isoprenaline (40-50 micrograms kg-1) which depre...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16494.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:The electromechanical window (EMW), the interval between the end of the T-wave and the end of the left ventricular pressure (LVP) curve, has recently been proposed as a predictor of risk of Torsade de Pointes (TdP) in healthy animals, whereby a negative EMW (mechanical relaxation earlier than rep...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.12483
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Muscularis mucosae of the distal oesophagus of the opossum contracts in response to substance P and to a variety of tachykinins. To delineate the nature of the receptors present in this tissue, we evaluated contractile responses to substance P, neurokinin A, neurokinin B, eledoisin and analogues believed to be high...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb12556.x
更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The sequence similarity within the amino-terminal regions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) allows the two to share actions at a common site, the PTH1 receptor. A number of biological activities have been ascribed to actions of other domains within PTHrP. PTHrP production by late stage breas...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.14709
更新日期：2019-05-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Aminoguanidine (AG), an inhibitor of advanced glycation endproducts, has been shown to prevent arterial stiffening and cardiac hypertrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) and nicotinamide (NA)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats. Our aims were to examine whether AG produced benefits on cardiac pumping mechan...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/bjp.2008.119
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have investigated the effects of chlorpheniramine, atropine and capsaicin pretreatment on inhaled sodium metabisulphite (MBS)-induced airway microvascular leakage and bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized guinea-pigs in order to clarify the mechanisms involved in these responses. The effects of frusemide and nedo...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb12771.x
更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:GoSlo-SR compounds are efficacious BK (KCa 1.1) channel openers, but little is known about their mechanism of action or effect on bladder contractility. We examined the effects of two closely related compounds on BK currents and bladder contractions. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:A combination of electr...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.13085
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A wide panel of compounds acting on beta-adrenoceptors active either in mammalian heart or in rodent digestive tract and adipose tissues, were investigated for their effects on Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the human or murine beta 3-adrenoceptor gene. 2. The beta 3-agonists, bucindolol, CGP 12177A a...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb13167.x
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Temperature, oxygen consumption, electromyographic activity, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and blood sugar were estimated in conscious unrestrained young chickens under conditions of thermoneutrality (31 degrees C) and below thermoneutrality (16 degrees C). In some chickens carotid arterial pressure was also re...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb09876.x
更新日期：1970-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Isolated preparations of rat anococcygeus muscle were incubated with [3H]-noradrenaline and the efflux of radioactivity induced by stimulation of intramural sympathetic nerves was used as a measure of release of transmitter noradrenaline. Isometric contractile responses were also measured. 2. Angiotensin I (0.03 mi...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11657.x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Losigamone is a novel anticonvulsant the mechanism of action of which is not known. This study investigated the effect of losigamone on spontaneous, NMDA- and AMPA-induced depolarizations in the cortical wedge preparation of the DBA/2 mouse (which are susceptible to sound-induced seizures) and on endogenous amino a...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0701539
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The effects of purported prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on steroid and prostaglandin (E and F) release from trypsin-dispersed cat adrenocortical cells were investigated. 2 Low indomethacin concentrations potentiated adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH)-evoked prostaglandin and steroid release, whereas higher concentratio...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07477.x
更新日期：1976-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the recovery of receptor binding and of isoprenaline-stimulated cyclic AMP responses after chronic (2-5 days) exposure of tissue-cultured living rat heart cells to several beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Most experiments were performed with [3H]- (+/-)-carazolol and [3H]-(+/-)-CGP 12177, as prototypes o...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb10814.x
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In moderate-to-severe asthma, adding an inhaled long-acting β2 -adenoceptor agonist (LABA) to an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) provides better disease control than simply increasing the dose of ICS. Acting on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR, gene NR3C1), ICSs promote anti-inflammatory/anti-asthma gene expression. In vi...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bph.13628
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose in target tissues by triggering the translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the plasma membrane. Resistance to insulin, the major abnormality in type 2 diabetes, results in a decreased GLUT4 translocation efficiency. Thus, special attention is...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.12845
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on membrane potential, relaxation and cyclic GMP levels were compared to the NO donor L-nitrosocysteine (Cys-NO) in segments of guinea-pig coronary artery. 2. ACh and Cys-NO produced concentration-dependent relaxations of muscles contracted with the H1 receptor agonist, 2-(2-amino...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb14851.x
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:(1) Rapid desensitization of ligand-gated ion channel receptors can alter the apparent activity of receptor modulators, as well as make detection of fast-channel activation difficult. Investigation of the antagonist pharmacology of ATP-sensitive homomeric P2X3 receptors is limited by agonist-evoked fast-desensitizatio...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0705411
更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) was injected into the preoptic area of the anterior hypothalamus or into the third or fourth cerebral ventricle of the conscious mouse through a chronically implanted cannula and the effects on body temperature and oxygen consumption rate were measured. At an ambient temperat...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1982.tb08802.x
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the rabbit isolated pulmonary artery, neither the ETA receptor antagonist, BQ-123 (10 microM), nor the ETB receptor antagonist, BQ-788 (10 microM), inhibited the contractions induced by 1 nM endothelin-1 (ET-1). However, the combination of BQ-123 and BQ-788 completely inhibited the ET-1-induced contraction. In cont...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1994.tb16901.x
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The present study characterizes and classifies alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstriction in the isolated perfused kidney of rat using quantitative receptor pharmacology and compares the results to radioligand binding studies (made in cloned alpha 1-adrenoceptor subtypes, native alpha 1A-adrenoceptors in submax...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1995.tb15875.x
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have performed a systematic mutagenesis of three hydrophobic rings (17', 13' and 9') within transmembrane region (TM) 2 of the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic cholinergic receptor (nAChR) to a hydrophilic (threonine) residue and compared the properties of mutant receptors reconstituted in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Phenotypic...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/sj.bjp.0706224
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The binding of [3H]-muscimol, a potent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor agonist, to crude membrane preparations of bovine retina was studied, using a filtration method to isolate membrane-bound ligand. 2 Specific binding was found to be saturable and occurred at two binding sites with affinity constants of 4....
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1980.tb10934.x
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have examined the mechanisms of local oedema formation in the passive cutaneous anaphylactic (PCA) reaction in the rabbit. 2. IgE-containing antiserum was injected i.d. and allowed to sensitize skin sites for periods up to 240 h. Antigen (bovine gamma globulin) was injected i.d. or i.v. and local oedema formatio...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb13424.x
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Aucubin, the predominant component of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., has been shown to have profound effects on oxidative stress. As oxidative stress has previously been demonstrated to contribute to acute and chronic myocardial injury, we tested the effects of aucubin on cardiac remodelling and heart ...
journal_title：British journal of pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bph.14164
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
