Abstract：
:Even though gelatin is the most widely used polymeric excipient in pharmaceutical products, scant attention has been paid to its interaction with small organic molecules. The present work deals with the interaction of gelatin and four monosulfonated or monocarboxylated azo dyes having hydrocarbon moieties of different sizes. These dyes were used as models for anionic drugs, which make up a significant percentage of all new drugs. Most binding studies used ultrafiltration to separate free from bound dye, followed by spectrophotometric dye assays. One binding study was based on the shift in pH when a dye was added to gelatin solutions. All binding isotherms consisted of two linear segments. The initial segments, which start at the origin, represent the partitioning of the dyes between the dissolved gelatin and the aqueous buffer solution. They changed abruptly to horizontal plateaus, which represent the binding limit. Increases in pH from 5.00 to 7.00 reduced the binding of the sulfonated dyes but increased the binding of the carboxylated dye. At pH > or = 7.00, where even the carboxylic acid groups are fully ionized, the carboxylated dye and its sulfonated analog were bound to gelatin to the same extent. The binding of all dyes decreased with increasing temperature (i.e., the standard enthalpy of binding was negative), with a change of the solvent medium from water to 0.15 M ammonium acetate, and with decreasing size of the hydrocarbon moieties of the dyes. The binding of the dyes to gelatin was always reversible and the standard entropy change associated with it was negative.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
journal_name
J Pharm Scijournal_title
Journal of pharmaceutical sciencesauthors
Gautam J,Schott Hdoi
10.1002/jps.2600830703subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-07-01 00:00:00pages
922-30issue
7eissn
0022-3549issn
1520-6017pii
S0022-3549(15)49539-5journal_volume
83pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A novel technique is presented to allow measurement of the kinetics of protein inactivation during drying of an acoustically levitated single droplet. Droplets/particles are removed from the acoustic field after various times during drying, and the state of the protein within them is analyzed. The influence of drying ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.23129
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The application of drug ion-selective electrodes as sensors for the direct determination of the released drug in a continuous-flow analyzer for automated dissolution studies is described. Flow-through electrodes, selective to chlorpromazine, amitriptyline, propantheline, cimetidine, and ranitidine, have been construct...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600760911
更新日期：1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this study, the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin (DOX) loaded stearic acid grafted chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO-SA) micelles and its core modified drug delivery systems were investigated in vitro. The in vitro drug release experiments using cellular culture medium, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 (RPMI-1640) mediu...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21464
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apparent acidity constants obtained for various benzothiadiazine diuretics by semiaqueous potentiometric titrations gave satisfactory agreement with many values obtained by aqueous potentiometry. One suitable method for determining the acidity constants of sparingly soluble drugs, the solubility variation with pH tech...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600700324
更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When heated at temperatures in excess of 100 degrees, the stability of neomycin in aqueous ophthalmic formulations was improved by the addition of edetate disodium (0.01%). As the exposure temperature was reduced, the degree of stability enhancement diminished until the effect was reversed, and addition of edetate dis...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600700836
更新日期：1981-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:beta-Cyclodextrin was ethylated at the 2- and 6-hydroxyl positions. Diethyl sulfate was employed as an alkylating reagent. NMR spectra data indicate that heptakis(2,6-di-O-ethyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (DCD) is the principal component of the product obtained. In addition, the FAB mass spectra obtained in nitrobenzyl alcoho...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600840819
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of particle size and surface modification on biodistribution of nanocarriers is widely reported. We report for the first time the role of nanoparticle shape on biodistribution. Our study demonstrates that irregular shaped polymer lipid nanoparticles (LIPOMER) evade kupffer cells and localize in the spleen. We...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.22052
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method was developed for the baseline separation of common free bile acids by supercritical fluid chromatography. A phenylbonded silica column, with UV detection at 210 nm, and carbon dioxide modified with methanol as the mobile phase were used. The influence of the stationary phase, modifier concentration, temperat...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600820110
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We investigate the presence of a surface species for the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) AZD9496 with dynamic nuclear polarization surface enhanced nuclear spectroscopy (DNP SENS). We show that using DNP we can elucidate the presence of an amorphous form of the API at the surface of crystalline particles of the...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.037
更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between the concentration of a drug and its pharmacologic effect is of central interest in pharmacodynamics. Various compartmental and noncompartmental methods have been proposed for elucidating this relationship when the plasma drug concentration and effects are both measured. Although the relationsh...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600830317
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) obtains particle size by analysis of particle diffusion through a time series of micrographs and particle count by a count of imaged particles. The number of observed particles imaged is controlled by the scattering cross-section of the particles and by camera settings such as sens...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2017.12.016
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:5-Methyl-2-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile is an example of conformational and color polymorphism. The compound crystallizes in red (R), dark red (DR), light red (LR), and orange (O) modifications. There are two specific goals for this study. One is to characterize the complex thermodynamic rel...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1520-6017(200103)90:3<371::aid-jps12>3.0.c
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of propranolol and 4-hydroxypropranolol in plasma is presented. The method involves plasma extraction at basic pH with ethyl column, and fluorescence detection. The within-run a reversed-phase column coefficient of variation were 3.0-7...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600700631
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of pretreating callus membranes with dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, formamide, dioxane, or methyl orthoformate on sarin permeability was studied at three temperatures to determine the activation energy for transport. In addition, the effect of membrane pretreatment on permeability...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600681119
更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Reactive high gravity controlled precipitation (HGCP) was carried out to produce salbutamol sulphate (SS) particles suitable for inhalation. Aqueous solutions of free salbutamol base and sulphuric acid were mixed intensely inside a HGCP reactor to form the particles. Spray drying was employed to obtain dry powders. Ph...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21026
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previous report detailed the derivation and validation of an equation for calculating the Gibbs free energy of liquid-solid adsorption via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This study utilizes an improved form of that equation in conjunction with an in vitro model of solute adsorption to give an ordered...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600770609
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chloroquine (7-chloro-4-[[4-(diethylamino)-1-methylbutyl]amino]quinoline; CQ) accumulates in the insoluble fraction of rat muscle homogenates with an equilibrium distribution ratio of 7.8 L/kg. This is of a similar magnitude to muscle:plasma ratios observed in vivo. Uptake is approximately linear, even up to concentra...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600751109
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new three-step synthesis of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid from an inexpensive starting material and under mild reaction conditions is described. Crotonic acid was brominated by the Wohl-Ziegler reaction to 4-bromocrotonic acid, which, in turn, was converted with ammonium hydroxide into 4-aminocrotonic acid. This com...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600670133
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The objective of this study was to determine the relative importance of metabolism by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes versus efflux by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in restricting the intestinal mucosal permeation of cyclic prodrugs (AOA-DADLE, CA-DADLE, OMCA-DADLE) of the opioid peptide DADLE (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Gly-Phe-D-Leu-OH). AO...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.21424
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The permeability coefficient, Kp, of pure unbranched alkanoic acids (C2-C7) applied to isolated porcine skin, reached a maximum in the solubility parameter (delta 2) range of 9.7-10 cal1 /2/cm3/2. When these and other penetrants were delivered from a solvent vehicle, the following linear relationships could be demonst...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600730426
更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was aimed to investigate chemical preactivated thiomers for their potential use in mucosal drug delivery. Thiomers--thiolated polymers--are mucoadhesive polymers with sulfhydryl group-bearing side chains. Thiomers are synthesized by covalent attachment of low molecular mass compounds bearing sulfhydryl grou...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.24060
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dielectric constant of a solid substance in the dissolved state may be found by using a solvent with a dielectric constant that remains invariable when the solid substance is dissolved. The slope values obtained from dielectric constant versus concentration plots of the solid substance in two solvents with differe...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600680408
更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although insulin receptor is expressed at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB), the physiological and pathologic roles of insulin signaling in biologic responses at the BBB remain unclear. Here, we investigate insulin signaling at the human BBB using human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3) as a we...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.036
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In vivo studies were conducted in rats to determine the role of hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia in the previously reported reduction in the hepatic accumulation and increase in the serum concentrations of 70-kDa fluorescein-dextran (FD-70) in diabetic (D) rats. The serum, urine, and hepatic concentrations of FD-70 w...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600830719
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Literature data relevant to the decision to allow a waiver of in vivo bioequivalence testing for the marketing authorization of immediate-release, solid oral dosage forms containing enalapril maleate are reviewed. Enalapril, a prodrug, is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to the active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhi...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.xphs.2017.04.019
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recirculation technique was used to study the first-order kinetics of intestinal absorption of un-ionized sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine in rats in situ at 32, 35, and 38 degrees C. The absorption rate constant (Kab) of each sulfonamide increased with increase in temperature and, at each temperature...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.2600821208
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stability testing of morphine sulfate formulated with nonpareil sugar seeds (consisting of sucrose and starch) and fumaric acid revealed the formation of the three impurities 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural, 10-hydroxymorphine and 10-oxomorphine. 5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-furfural was isolated via semipreparative HPLC utilizin...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10330
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this article was to prepare a topical powder for the treatment of fungal infections, such as Candida intertrigo and tinea pedis. Thus, an econazole nitrate (ECO) formulation with improved drug dissolution and proper moisture adsorption was designed. ECO was melt with the mesoporous silicate MCM-41 (drug/MCM...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.22183
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of tamsulosin (TAM) was investigated using male Sprague-Dawley rats in which plasma alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (alpha(1)-AGP) levels were elevated by the subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mL/kg of turpentine oil. alpha(1)-AGP levels increased about eight times after turpentine oil treatment, causing a...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1520-6017(200004)89:4<490::AID-JPS6>
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This work investigates the use of spray freeze-drying (SFD) to produce protein loaded particles suitable for epidermal delivery. In the first part of the study, the effects of formulation and process conditions on particle properties are examined. Aqueous solutions of trehalose produce SFD particles in the size range ...
journal_title：Journal of pharmaceutical sciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/jps.10204
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
