Abstract:
:The newborn immune system differs quantitatively and functionally from that of adults. Development of the immune system has important implications for childhood diseases. The immaturity of the immune system in the first years of life may contribute to failure of tolerance induction and in the development of allergic disease. T cell function is diminished, especially the capacity to produce cytokines; production of interferon (IFN)-gamma, and IL-4 is strongly reduced. IFN-gamma has been found to be even lower in cord blood of newborns with a family history of atopy. Differences in other cell types (natural killer cells, antigen-presenting cells, and B cells) could also play a role in the development of allergic disease. Current data suggest that irregularities in IgE synthesis, helper T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, CD45RA, and CD45RO), cytokines (IL-4, IFN-gamma), and possibly other cell types may play a role in the development of allergy in childhood. Moreover, the role of cell surface molecules, like co-stimulatory molecules (CD28, CD40L), activation markers (CD25), and adhesion molecules (LFA-1/ICAM-1, VLA-4/ VCAM-1) is also discussed. These variables are modulated by genetic (relevant loci are identified on chromosome 5q, 11q, and 14) and environmental forces (allergen exposure, viral infections, and smoke). The low sensitivity of current predictive factors for the development of allergic diseases, such as cord blood IgE levels, improves in combination with family history and by measurement of in vitro responses of lymphocytes and skin reactivity to allergens. New therapeutic approaches are being considered on the basis of our current understanding of the immunopathology of allergic disease, for instance cytokine therapy and vaccination with tolerizing doses of allergen or peptides.
journal_name
Pediatr Resjournal_title
Pediatric researchauthors
Koning H,Baert MR,Oranje AP,Savelkoul HF,Neijens HJdoi
10.1203/00006450-199609000-00001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-09-01 00:00:00pages
363-75issue
3eissn
0031-3998issn
1530-0447journal_volume
40pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::In Chinese children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), it was reported that NPHS2 mutation was detected in 4.3%, which was lower than that in Caucasians (10-30%). However, there were no data on WT1 mutation in nephrotic syndrome (NS), especially in early-onset NS of Chinese children. Thus, a study, whic...
journal_title:Pediatric research
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199210000-00016
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198501000-00006
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compliant immature airways sustain significant deformation following positive pressure ventilation. To evaluate the structural changes induced by in vivo positive pressure ventilation, tracheae of preterm lambs (107-116 d gestational age) were studied histologically. Nonventilated (group I: n = 7) and ventilated (grou...
journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198911000-00014
更新日期:1989-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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doi:10.1038/s41390-018-0009-9
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-199206000-00021
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1203/00006450-198802000-00009
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
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更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Pediatric research
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Pediatric research
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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