Abstract:
:The anatomy of the inframammary fold has been a subject of controversy. This report describes the anatomic location and the histologic structure of the inframammary fold on the basis of caderveric dissections and microscopic examination. Ten breast cadaver dissections were performed on female cadavers (ages 35 to 72). Twenty specimens after en bloc resections of the inframammary fold and subcutaneous tissue, including the pectoralis muscle, were harvested. Specimens were examined for gross collagen stricture by using India ink to highlight the collagenous aspects of the subcutaneous soft-tissue networks. The inframammary fold skin and dermis from the contralateral breast and control samples of skin and dermis from the upper chest and the abdomen were collected for microscopic studies. These samples were stained with Sirius red and examined microscopically by polarized light. On histologic examination, regular arrays of collagen were found running parallel with the inframammary fold, and the control sections showed random patterns of collagen deposition. On gross examination, a condensation of the superficial fascial system was observed. This formed a zone of adherence between the skin and the underlying pectoralis fascia. The conclusion of this study is that the inframammary fold is an intrinsic dermal structure consisting of regular arrays of collagen held in place by a zone of adherence that is a specialized area of the superficial fascial system. The clinical significance of this study is that the intradermal structure of the inframammary fold should be preserved in any breast procedure for natural aesthetic results.
journal_name
Plast Reconstr Surgjournal_title
Plastic and reconstructive surgeryauthors
Boutros S,Kattash M,Wienfeld A,Yuksel E,Baer S,Shenaq Sdoi
10.1097/00006534-199809040-00017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-09-01 00:00:00pages
1030-3issue
4eissn
0032-1052issn
1529-4242journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Radiation therapy is a cornerstone of oncologic treatment. Skin tolerance is often the limiting factor in radiotherapy. To study these issues and create modalities for intervention, the authors developed a novel murine model of cutaneous radiation injury. METHODS:The dorsal skin was isolated using a low-pre...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181fed4f7
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:An increasing number of women are presenting for mastopexy after massive weight loss. The authors analyzed data from a prospective registry of massive weight loss patients who underwent the dermal suspension and parenchymal reshaping mastopexy alone or with concomitant operations to assess safety and efficac...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819ba1a8
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The ideal body is characterized by a muscular physique and defined anterior abdominal wall. Despite diet and exercise, many are unable to achieve this desired result. Liposuction with abdominal etching is used to achieve high-definition abdominal aesthetics. The etching technique is performed with liposuctio...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005486
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study questions previous reports of the presence of micrometer-sized areas of crystalline silica in pathologic tissue sections that are based exclusively on polarized-light microscopy. By using optical principles, it can be argued that it is impossible to identify unambiguously or to detect the birefringence of c...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199904040-00028
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The rat model has had limited utility for the study of long nerve gaps because of the small size of the animal. The authors sought to develop a simple, effective rat model for reconstruction of long nerve gap defects. METHODS:Fifteen rats had a sciatic nerve transection followed by reconstruction. Positive ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31829fe515
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The purpose of this study was to (1) understand national variation in delay of emergency procedures in patients with open tibial fracture at the hospital level and (2) compare length of stay and cost in patients cared for at the best- and worst-performing hospitals for delay. METHODS:The authors retrospecti...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31827c6efc
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The umbilicus is essential to the aesthetic appearance of the abdomen. However, very little has been written about the exact location of the aesthetically pleasing umbilicus as far as the Indian cosmopolitan population is concerned. Although a variety of reconstructive methods are available, no real standard...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000204793.70787.42
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by abscesses and scars. The axillary region is predominantly affected, leading to limited mobility of the arm due to scar retraction. This prospective study aimed to analyze the surgical treatment of severe lesion...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3182268c38
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In obtaining human tenocytes for tendon tissue engineering, a low proliferation rate and phenotype loss during passaging is a problem. It was the authors' aim to evaluate the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on human tenocyte growth and gene expression. METHODS:Human tenocytes were exp...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000004920
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pectus excavatum is the most common deformity of the chest wall. The overwhelming majority of patients with pectus excavatum have no physiologic compromise. Adolescents beyond their growth spurt and adults who are asymptomatic are best served by placement of a silicone implant to correct the chest-wall defect. We have...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198407000-00007
更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postoperative cosmetic deformities can be encountered after surgical treatments for upper eyelid retraction. The authors described a preaponeurotic fat advancement technique and investigated the effectiveness in patients who underwent levator recession for upper lid retraction. METHODS:This retrospective co...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000001099
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Severe orbital soft-tissue loss and contracted eye sockets often present in patients who have had enucleation, exenteration, or other ocular diseases. In this article, the authors report a novel contracted eye socket reconstruction technique using lateral upper arm free flaps and review the surgical outcome ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000000133
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrates the feasibility of acute extraluminal expansion to elongate arteries intraoperatively in order to overcome defects too large to be repaired primarily. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups: an expander-elongation group and a nonexpanded control group of 10 rats each. Arterial ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199209000-00016
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies assessing outcomes following orthognathic surgery rely primarily on single-center/surgeon experience. In addition to issues of generalizability, these studies are limited in evaluating the effect of operative volume on patient outcomes. METHODS:Orthognathic procedures were identified in the...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002384
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over a 3-year period, 50 patients with strawberry hemangiomas and 7 patients with postinvolutional redness or telangiectasia were treated with the SPTL-1 laser (Candela Corporation, Wayland, Mass.). The SPTL-1 laser emits pulsed light at a wavelength of 585 nm with a pulse duration of 450 ms. Lesions with a superficia...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199502000-00010
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Lymphedema remains a challenging clinical problem that often lacks curative treatment options. Recent reports have shown that microvascular lymph node transfer from the groin area into axillas of lymphedematous patients may improve lymphatic drainage, but the effect on donor-site lymphatic flow has not been ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31826d1682
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluates six different techniques with respect to their ability to quantitatively describe facial asymmetry in three dimensions. Three-dimensional facial images were acquired using a Cyberware 3030RGB laser surface scanner. Image processing was performed on a Silicon Graphics Indigo computer workstation. T...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199909040-00006
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free submandibular salivary gland transfer was investigated as a surgical method for the treatment of severe keratoconjunctivitis sicca. In an animal model, we examined the tolerance of warm ischemia of the submandibular gland. After temporary interruption of the blood supply (1 to 6 hours), the morphologic changes in...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Posterior mandibulectomy defects can be reconstructed using either soft tissue or vascularized bone. The authors hypothesize that advances in computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD-CAM) have resulted in osteocutaneous free flaps now proving superior to soft-tissue flaps. METHODS:The authors conducted ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005954
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Simulation has gained notable recognition for its role as an effective training and assessment modality in the present era of competency-based medical education. Despite the well-documented efficacy of both live and cadaveric animal models, several ethical, financial, and accessibility issues persist with th...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000005990
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fifty-five patients with major ear deformities were reconstructed during the period 1982-1993 with autogenous tissue. Fourteen patients were reconstructed with osseointegrated auricular prostheses during the period 1989-1993. Both procedures were done at the same institution by the same surgeon. The advantages and dis...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-199404001-00011
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This case report describes a new method of unipolar transfer of the latissimus dorsi for restoration of elbow flexion. The advantages of the technique are that it has superior resting tension compared to other unipolar transfers and provides more extensive soft-tissue coverage at the elbow than other unipolar or bipol...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Venous thromboembolic events result in significant morbidity, mortality, and costly therapeutic interventions. As medical resource allocation strategies are becoming more pervasive, appropriate risk stratification and prophylactic regimens are essential. Previous studies have shown a decreased incidence of p...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0000000000002666
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that the induction of a clot layer on the graft surface of microvascular polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prostheses might improve their healing. PTFE microvascular prostheses (n = 18), mechanically roughened PTFE microvascular prostheses (n = 18), and Chitosan-impregnate...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198912000-00016
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this article is to present the authors' experience with the use of porous polyethylene ultrathin sheets for orbital floor reconstruction. Thirty-two patients with orbital floor fractures were treated with porous polyethylene ultrathin sheets. Sixteen cases corresponded to orbitozygomatic fractures, 11 c...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200203000-00007
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified surgeon's knot is proposed. Tying is based on twisting the throws instead of laying them down flat. The second (granny) throw is snugged against the first in a locking manner. The knot is tied rapidly by needleholder and is particularly useful for skin sutures with monofilament thread. ...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-198503000-00026
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::This retrospective chart review study examined the mental health histories and psychiatric medication usage of persons who sought cosmetic surgery. The medical records of 232 patients who had undergone a consultation for a cosmetic procedure were reviewed. The rates of self-reported psychiatric disorders and of psychi...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.prs.0000142999.86432.1f
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Craniosynostosis results from improper regulation of bone formation. Investigations of cells derived from patients with craniosynostosis suggest that craniosynostotic bone-derived cells have increased osteogenic or proliferative capacities compared with other cells. Research into the pathogenesis of craniosy...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e3181d62ad4
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Free ileocolon flap surgery is an effective technique for voice reconstruction in hypopharyngolaryngectomy defects. A tracheoesophageal fistula is created using an intestinal conduit characterized by secretions and a resident microbial flora. The aim of this study was to investigate the respiratory complicat...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/PRS.0b013e31820cf282
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Women with mammary hypertrophy who present for reduction mammaplasty have several well-described musculoskeletal complaints, but a high prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome has not been reported. We identified 151 patients from a plastic surgery practice who underwent reduction mammaplasty from 1994 to 1996. To this g...
journal_title:Plastic and reconstructive surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00006534-200004040-00009
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00