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Sports and games for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Traumatic experiences evoke emotions such as fear, anxiety and distress and may encourage avoidance of similar situations in the future. For a proportion of those exposed to a traumatic event, this emotional reaction becomes uncontrollable and can develop into Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (Breslau 2001). Most of those diagnosed with PTSD fully recover while a small proportion develop a chronic PTSD a year after the event (First 2004). Sports and games may be able to alleviate symptoms of PTSD. OBJECTIVES: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:1. To assess the effectiveness of sports, and games in alleviating and/or diminishing the symptoms of PTSD when compared to usual care or other interventions. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE:2. To assess the effectiveness of different types of sports and games in alleviating and/or diminishing symptoms of PTSD. SEARCH STRATEGY:The Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Controlled Trials Registers (CCDAN-CTR) were searched up to June 2008.The following databases were searched up to June 2008: the Cochrane Central registry of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL; PsycINFO. Reference lists of relevant papers were searched and experts in the field were contacted to determine if other studies were available. SELECTION CRITERIA:To be included, participants had to be diagnosed with PTSD using criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM IV) and/or ICD criteria. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that considered one or more well-specified sports or games for alleviating and/or diminishing symptoms of PTSD were included.Sports, and games were defined as any organized physical activity done alone or with a group and non-physical activities such as computer games and card games done alone or with a group. Psychological interventions such as music therapy, art therapy and play therapy and behavioural therapy were excluded. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Two reviewers (SL and MD) separately checked the titles and abstracts of the search results to determine which studies met the pre-determined inclusion criteria. A flow chart was used to guide the selection process. No studies met the inclusion criteria. MAIN RESULTS:The search strategy identified five papers but none of the studies met inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:No studies met the inclusion criteria. More research is therefore required before a fair assessment can be made of the effectiveness of sports and games in alleviating symptoms of PTSD.

journal_name

Cochrane Database Syst Rev

journal_title

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

authors

Lawrence S,De Silva M,Henley R

doi

10.1002/14651858.CD007171.pub2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2010-01-20 00:00:00

pages

CD007171

issue

issn

1469-493X

pub_type

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Sports and games for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).