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Neuro-inflammatory sequelae of minimal trauma in the non-traumatized human brain. A microdialysis study.

Abstract：

:Cytokine measurement directly from the brain parenchyma by means of microdialysis has documented the activation of certain procedures in vivo, after brain trauma in humans. However, the intercalation of the micro-catheter insertion with the phenomena triggered by the head trauma renders the assessment of the findings problematic. The present study attempts to elucidate the pure effect of minimal trauma, represented by the insertion of the micro-catheter, on the non-traumatized human brain. Microdialysis catheters were implanted to twelve patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, subjected to invasive electroencephalogram recording with intracranial electrodes. Samples were collected during the first 5 days of monitoring. The dialysate was analyzed using bead flow cytometry, and the concentrations of IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, and TNFa were measured. The levels of IL-1 and IL-8 were found raised until 48 hours post-implantation and thereafter they reached a plateau of presumably basic values. The temporal profile of the IL-6 variation was different, the raise being much prolonged, as its concentration had not returned to basic levels at the fifth day post-insertion. TNFa was found significantly raised only 2 hours after the implantation. Interleukins 10 and 12 did not present any significant response to micro-trauma. These findings, probably more clearly detected in an environment disengaged by the sequelae of severe brain injury, imply that the reaction of the neuro-inflammatory mechanisms of the brain exists even after minimal trauma and is unexpectedly intense concerning IL-6. This response concerns also IL-1, IL-8 and TNFa, while IL-10 and IL-12 may necessitate more severe injuries to be activated. An approach to the question of basic cytokine levels in the normal brain parenchyma is attempted. Finally, questions may rise regarding the objectivity of findings attributed by some studies to inflammatory perturbation after head injury.

journal_name

J Neurotrauma

journal_title

Journal of neurotrauma

authors

Bouras TI,Gatzonis SS,Georgakoulias N,Karatza M,Sianouni A,Stranjalis G,Boviatsis E,Vasileiou S,Sakas DE

doi

10.1089/neu.2011.1790

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-11-18 00:00:00

eissn

0897-7151

issn

1557-9042

pub_type

杂志文章

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Neuro-inflammatory sequelae of minimal trauma in the non-traumatized human brain. A microdialysis study.