Measuring continuous baseline covariate imbalances in clinical trial data.

abstract：:Mixed models estimated by maximum likelihood and marginal models estimated by generalized estimating equations are the standard methods for the analysis of longitudinal data. However, their use is highly debated when attrition may be due to death. While some authors consider that mixed model estimates are interpretabl...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Rouanet A,Helmer C,Dartigues JF,Jacqmin-Gadda H

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article outlines the statistical developments that have taken place in the use of the EM algorithm in emission and transmission tomography during the past decade or so. We discuss the statistical aspects of the modelling of the projection data for both the emission and transmission cases and define the relevant p...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Kay J

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Estimation of the effect of a binary exposure on an outcome in the presence of confounding is often carried out via outcome regression modelling. An alternative approach is to use propensity score methodology. The propensity score is the conditional probability of receiving the exposure given the observed covariates a...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Williamson E,Morley R,Lucas A,Carpenter J

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Guarding against false positive selections is important in many applications. We discuss methods based on subsampling and sample splitting for controlling the expected number of false positives and assigning p-values. They are generic and especially useful for high-dimensional settings. We review encouraging results f...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Bühlmann P,Rütimann P,Kalisch M

更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Statistical methods for carrying out asymptotic inferences (tests or confidence intervals) relative to one or two independent binomial proportions are very frequent. However, inferences about a linear combination of K independent proportions L = Σβ(i)p(i) (in which the first two are special cases) have had very little...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Martín Andrés A,Alvarez Hernández M,Herranz Tejedor I

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early phase trials of complex interventions currently focus on assessing the feasibility of a large randomised control trial and on conducting pilot work. Assessing the efficacy of the proposed intervention is generally discouraged, due to concerns of underpowered hypothesis testing. In contrast, early assessment of e...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Wilson DT,Walwyn RE,Brown J,Farrin AJ,Brown SR

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review provides an overview of forensic inference from genetic markers. Because the judge and jurors are charged with decision-making, the forensic expert's job is to provide a useful summary of the evidence to the court. Hence, this review focuses on the likelihood ratio as a means of summarizing the genetic dat...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Devlin B

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spatial resolution plays an important role in functional magnetic resonance imaging studies as the signal-to-noise ratio increases linearly with voxel volume. In scientific studies, where functional magnetic resonance imaging is widely used, the standard spatial resolution typically used is relatively low which ensure...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Liu Z,Bartsch AJ,Berrocal VJ,Johnson TD

更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, we discuss a decision theoretic or fully Bayesian approach to the sample size question in clinical trials with binary responses. Data are assumed to come from two binomial distributions. A Dirichlet distribution is assumed to describe prior knowledge of the two success probabilities p1 and p2. The param...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Pezeshk H,Nematollahi N,Maroufy V,Marriott P,Gittins J

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement error is a serious problem in the analysis of epidemiological data. In the past 20 years, a large number of methods for the correction of measurement error have been developed. While at the beginning mostly methods for cohort studies were considered, recently more attention has been paid to case-control st...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Thürigen D,Spiegelman D,Blettner M,Heuer C,Brenner H

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article is motivated by the need for discovering patterns of patients' health based on their daily settings of care to aid the health policy-makers to improve the effectiveness of distributing funding for health services. The hidden process of one's health status is assumed to be a continuous smooth function, cal...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Wang S,Nie Y,Sutherland JM,Wang L

更新日期：2020-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A growing body of evidence suggests that genetic factors have an important influence on the onset and course of smoking. Here we review some of the statistical methods that have been used to test for genetic influences on smoking behaviour, with a particular focus on studies of large national twin samples. We show how...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Heath AC,Madden PA,Martin NG

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cluster-level dynamic treatment regimens can be used to guide sequential treatment decision-making at the cluster level in order to improve outcomes at the individual or patient-level. In a cluster-level dynamic treatment regimen, the treatment is potentially adapted and re-adapted over time based on changes in the cl...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： NeCamp T,Kilbourne A,Almirall D

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review the origins of backcalculation (or back projection) methods developed for the analysis of AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) incidence data. These techniques have been used extensively for >15 years to deconvolute clinical case incidence, given knowledge of the incubation period distribution, to obtai...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Donnelly CA,Ferguson NM,Ghani AC,Anderson RM

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The positivity assumption, or the experimental treatment assignment (ETA) assumption, is important for identifiability in causal inference. Even if the positivity assumption holds, practical violations of this assumption may jeopardize the finite sample performance of the causal estimator. One of the consequences of p...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Ju C,Schwab J,van der Laan MJ

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multistate models provide an important method for analyzing a wide range of life history processes including disease progression and patient recovery following medical intervention. Panel data consisting of the states occupied by an individual at a series of discrete time points are often used to estimate transition i...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Aralis H,Brookmeyer R

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We consider two exact unconditional procedures to test the difference between two multinomials with ordered categorical data. Exact unconditional procedures are compared to other approaches based on the Wilcoxon mid-rank test and the proportional odds model. We use a real example from an arthritis pain study to illust...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Shan G,Ma C

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical trials are expensive and time-consuming and so should also be used to study how treatments work, allowing for the evaluation of theoretical treatment models and refinement and improvement of treatments. These treatment processes can be studied using mediation analysis. Randomised treatment makes some of the a...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Goldsmith KA,Chalder T,White PD,Sharpe M,Pickles A

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Cochran-Armitage (CA) test is commonly used in both epidemiology and genetics to test for linear trend in two-way tables with a binary outcome. There has been increasing interest in the power and size of the test and in determination of sample size, especially when there is potential misclassification in the 'expo...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Buonaccorsi JP,Laake P,Veierød MB

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serial measurements of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are used as a biomarker for men diagnosed with prostate cancer following an active monitoring programme. Distinguishing pathological changes from natural age-related changes is not straightforward. Here, we compare four approaches to modelling age-related change i...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Simpkin AJ,Metcalfe C,Martin RM,Lane JA,Donovan JL,Hamdy FC,Neal DE,Tilling K

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clustered data is not simply correlated data, but has its own unique aspects. In this paper, various methods for correlated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve data that have been extended specifically to clustered data are reviewed. For those methods that have not yet been extended, suggestions for their ap...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Beam CA

更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of genetic variants as instrumental variables - an approach known as Mendelian randomization - is a popular epidemiological method for estimating the causal effect of an exposure (phenotype, biomarker, risk factor) on a disease or health-related outcome from observational data. Instrumental variables must sati...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Bucur IG,Claassen T,Heskes T

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mixed effects model for repeated measures has been widely used for the analysis of longitudinal clinical data collected at a number of fixed time points. We propose a robust extension of the mixed effects model for repeated measures for skewed and heavy-tailed data on basis of the multivariate skew-t distribution,...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Tang Y

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many non-experimental studies use propensity-score methods to estimate causal effects by balancing treatment and control groups on a set of observed baseline covariates. Full matching on the propensity score has emerged as a particularly effective and flexible method for utilizing all available data, and creating well...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Austin PC,Stuart EA

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Common limitations of clustering methods include the slow algorithm convergence, the instability of the pre-specification on a number of intrinsic parameters, and the lack of robustness to outliers. A recent clustering approach proposed a fast search algorithm of cluster centers based on their local densities. However...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Wang XF,Xu Y

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Simple mechanistic epidemic models are widely used for forecasting and parameter estimation of infectious diseases based on noisy case reporting data. Despite the widespread application of models to emerging infectious diseases, we know little about the comparative performance of standard computational-statistical fra...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Li M,Dushoff J,Bolker BM

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The threat of pandemics has made influenza surveillance systems a priority in epidemiology services around the world. The emergence of A-H1N1 influenza has required accurate surveillance systems in order to undertake specific actions only when and where they are necessary. In that sense, the main goal of this article ...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Martinez-Beneito MA,Botella-Rocamora P,Zurriaga O

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identification of cancer patient subgroups using high throughput genomic data is of critical importance to clinicians and scientists because it can offer opportunities for more personalized treatment and overlapping treatments of cancers. In spite of tremendous efforts, this problem still remains challenging because o...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Wei W,Sun Z,da Silveira WA,Yu Z,Lawson A,Hardiman G,Kelemen LE,Chung D

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose a flexible and computationally efficient penalized estimation method for a semi-parametric linear transformation model with current status data. To facilitate model fitting, the unknown monotone function is approximated by monotone B-splines, and a computationally efficient hybrid algorithm involving the Fi...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Lu M,Liu Y,Li CS

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Statistical methods for spatial health data to identify the significant covariates associated with the health outcomes are of critical importance. Most studies have developed variable selection approaches in which the covariates included appear within the spatial domain and their effects are fixed across space. Howeve...

journal_title：Statistical methods in medical research

authors： Choi J,Lawson AB

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00