Abstract:
:Oxalate crystals are very common in angiosperms, but few descriptions of their macropattern (crystal types, their tissue distribution, and development) exist. Because unusually large prismatic crystals and druses, are known from pomegranate, we traced the development of crystal macropattern in various-aged leaf samples from a living plant and from herbarium specimens using unstained whole mounts (some bleached and cleared), stained leaf samples, and leaf and stem cross sections. Preparations were viewed with bright-field light microscopy and with crossed polarizers. Prismatics appear first in the subapical mid-mesophyll layer of a leaf 650 μm long. Additional prismatics form basipetally in the enlarging lamina. A preemptive wave of small prismatics appears basipetally in the midrib. Druses form secondarily acropetally in petiole and midrib, while existing lamina prismatics enlarge and new ones develop among them in mid-mesophyll. Prismatics produced early expand vertically, and many eventually extend from epidermis to epidermis. Later-formed prismatics attain intermediate sizes. No crystals form along lamina veins, but in older leaves, druses occur in spongy mesophyll, mostly near major vein junctions. In the stem, druses are restricted to phloem fibers. No phloem fibers occur in the leaf trace or midvein; therefore, petiolar and midrib druses are only in parenchyma, not in phloem.
journal_name
Am J Botjournal_title
American journal of botanyauthors
Lersten NR,Horner HTdoi
10.3732/ajb.92.12.1935subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-12-01 00:00:00pages
1935-41issue
12eissn
0002-9122issn
1537-2197pii
92/12/1935journal_volume
92pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Tea Unigene-derived MicroSatellite (TUGMS) markers were identified from the publicly available EST data in Camellia sinensis for characterization and future genome mapping studies in tea. METHODS AND RESULTS:One hundred twelve novel TUGMS markers were identified from 4356 unigenes derived by clust...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1000525
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plant-herbivore networks are highly specialized in their interactions, yet they are highly variable with regard to the relative importance of specific host species for herbivores. How host species traits determine specialization and species strength in this antagonistic network is still an unanswer...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1600045
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:• PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Two ovulate conifer cones, one of which is attached terminally to a short leafy shoot, reveal the presence of a new species of Hughmillerites in the Early Cretaceous Apple Bay flora of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. This ancient conifer expands the diversity of Cupressace...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1400369
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Collinsia was the subject of classic biosystematic studies by Garber and colleagues and is increasingly investigated to address major evolutionary questions. Lack of phylogenetic data from more than one gene region and one taxonomic exemplar has left relationships, diversity, and phytogeography of ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1000346
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biogeographical studies of lichens used to be complicated because of the large distribution ranges of many species. Molecular systematics has revitalized lichen biogeography by improving species delimitation and providing better information about species range limitations. This study focuses on the major clade of trop...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0900140
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:A key question in evolutionary biology is why some clades are more successful by being widespread geographically, biome diverse, or species-rich. To extend understanding of how shifts in area, biomes, and pollinators impact diversification in plants, we examined the relationships of these shifts to...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1268
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mode of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) inheritance was investigated in the genus Larrea (Zygophyllaceae) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cpDNA fragments using three pairs of chloroplast universal primers. A total of 20 F(1)s from interspecific crosses among five different taxa in the section Bifolium ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiply sired fruits provide unambiguous evidence that pollen from two or more donors was deposited on a stigma and successfully fertilized ovules. Such multiple paternity within fruits can have important consequences for both parental and offspring fitness, but little is known about the frequency of multiple paterni...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.5.885
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Survival and fecundity are basic components of demography and therefore have a strong influence on population dynamics. These two key parameters and their relationship are crucial to understand the evolution of life histories. It remains, however, to be empirically established how life span, fecundity, and population ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.95.2.258
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Previous studies have shown that polyploidy has pronounced effects on photosynthesis. Most of these studies have focused on synthetic or recently formed autopolyploids, and comparatively little is known about the integrated effects of natural allopolyploidy, which involves hybridity and genome doub...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1100465
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multicellularity has evolved at least once in every major eukaryotic clade (in all ploidy levels) and numerous times among the prokaryotes. According to a standard multilevel selection (MLS) model, in each case, the evolution of multicellularity required the acquisition of cell-cell adhesion, communication, cooperatio...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3732/ajb.1300314
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The Malpighiaceae include ∼1300 tropical flowering plant species in which generic definitions and intergeneric relationships have long been problematic. The goals of our study were to resolve relationships among the 11 generic segregates from the New World genus Mascagnia, test the mon...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1000146
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the southern Appalachian mountains a subcanopy species, Rhododendron maximum, inhibits the establishment and survival of canopy tree seedlings. One of the mechanisms by which seedlings could be inhibited is an allelopathic effect of decomposing litter or leachate from the canopy of R. maximum (R.m.) on seed germina...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using nucleotide sequence variation of the nuclear-encoded chalcone synthase gene (Chs) and the chloroplast gene matK for members of five tribes from the family Brassicaceae to analyze tribal and subtribal structures. Phylogenetic trees from individual data sets are mostly in c...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seeds are useful in distinguishing among extant genera of Vitaceae and provide a good basis for interpretation of fossil remains in reconstructing the evolutionary and phytogeographic history of this putatively basal Rosid family. Seeds of Ampelocissus s.l. including Pterisanthes and Nothocissus are distinguished from...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.94.9.1534
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED: PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae), a herbaceous wetland perennial, to facilitate studies of mating patterns and population genetic structure. • METHODS AND RESULTS:A total of 42 polymorphic loci were identified from a sample of 24 i...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1200180
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seedling establishment is central to population maintenance for nonclonal plant species. Plants with low recruitment rates are expected to have high survival rates, and life history theory indicates there should be a single curve for the trade-off between recruitment and mortality that applies to most or all plant spe...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.91.7.1147
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The response of axillary buds to floral stimulus activity in stem pieces was examined in two near-isogenic cultivars of tobacco that differ in the recessive maryland mammoth (mm) allele, which confers short-day behavior. All axillary buds from day-neutral plants assayed on six-internode stem pieces made few nodes (les...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL-F DNA sequence data are presented for the giant genus Croton (Euphorbiaceae s.s.) and related taxa. Sampling comprises 88 taxa, including 78 of the estimated 1223 species and 29 of the 40 sections previously recognized of Croton. It also incl...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.9.1520
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::We present here the first molecular phylogeny of tribe Diseae (Orchidoideae: Orchidaceae). Nuclear ribosomal ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, and ITS2 sequences were compared for 30 Diseae, 20 Orchideae, and four Cranichideae and Diurideae outgroups. ITS - rDNA sequences exhibited a transition:transversion ratio of 1.3 and extensive ...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ontogenetic trends in the wood structure of Nepalese Rhododendron were studied in 15 specimens of two tree and four subtree species. Average growth ring width was constant from pith to bark in spite of occurrences of extremely narrow, false, or discontinuous rings. Vessel density, vessel area, vessel element length, a...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sphenobaiera huangii (Sze) Hsü is typical Early Mesozoic fossil foliage of Ginkgoales in China. It has been recorded from the Upper Triassic to the Lower Jurassic. The cuticular anatomy is investigated based on material from the type locality, Lower Jurassic Hsiangchi Formation, Zigui County, Hubei Province. The speci...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.709
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE:Although hybridization has played an important role in the evolution of many plant species, phylogenetic reconstructions that include hybridizing lineages have been historically constrained by the available models and data. Restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) has been a popular sequencing techni...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajb2.1352
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Propagule banks are assumed to be able to store considerable genetic variability. Bryophyte populations are expected to rely more heavily on stored propagules than those of seed plants due to the vulnerability of the haploid gametophyte. This reliance has important implications for the genetic structure and evolutiona...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.2007283
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Subtribe Hakeinae (526 spp.) represents a large Australian plant radiation central to our understanding of that flora's evolution and ecology. It contains Grevillea-the third largest plant genus in Australia and a group inferred to have among the highest diversification rates in the angiosperms. Ho...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.1500195
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Field surveys of cynipid gall-inducer occurrences on Quercus species were conducted in Florida, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, USA. All cynipids demonstrated strong host species and organ fidelity. One result of this specialization is effective niche partitioning among cynipids. The host-association patterns of the...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 3-yr study, we examined the pollinator guild and intersexual floral characteristics of the dioecious, perennial cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus), which flowers in early spring. The findings contribute to our general understanding of pollination ecology at high latitudes and provide important information for the com...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.0800102
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Climate changes during glacial periods have had significant effects on the present geographic distribution of plant species. To elucidate the evolutionary history of a plant species with a disjunctive distribution, we investigated the geographic distribution patterns of cpDNA haplotypes in Photinia glabra (Rosaceae) g...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.93.12.1852
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temperature dependence of freezing-induced xylem cavitation was studied in a Chihuahuan desert population of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae). Field measurements of wood temperature and xylem embolism were combined with anatomical studies and laboratory measurements of embolism in stem and root samples frozen un...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3732/ajb.89.12.1916
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dispersal is an important life history component. Seed settling velocity may be a useful surrogate for the measurement of dispersal ability in wind-dispersed plants, particularly those whose seeds have plumose dispersal structures. I measured settling velocities on seeds of eight species of Asteraceae, including annua...
journal_title:American journal of botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1992.tb13702.x
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00