Abstract:
:Plants interact with numerous enemies and mutualists simultaneously and sequentially. Such multispecies interactions can give rise to trait-mediated indirect effects that are likely to be common in nature but which are also inherently difficult to predict. Understanding multispecies interactions is also important in the use of biological control agents to control invasive plants because modern approaches to biocontrol rely on releasing multiple agents for each target weed. Centaurea solstitialis is one of the most problematic invasive weeds in California, USA, and the weevil Eustenopus villosus is its dominant biological control agent. We conducted a field experiment to quantitatively assess the direct effect of the recently approved biocontrol pathogen Puccinia jaceae f.s. solstitialis on plant performance and any indirect effects that might arise by altering the plant's interactions with Eustenopus or its pollinators (principally the nonnative Apis mellifera). We documented both synergy and interference between the two biocontrol agents depending on the life stage of the weevil. Puccinia infection increased the impact of bud-feeding by the adult weevils but reduced the impact of seed-feeding by larval weevils. Neither infection nor Eustenopus attack had an effect on pollinator visitation. The net effect was that attack by both the pathogen and the weevil did not reduce plant fitness relative to plants attacked only by the weevil. Because the consequence to the plant of interacting with one species may depend on the presence or absence of other interacting species, a careful consideration of multispecies interactions may be necessary for the selection of biocontrol agents that act in a complementary manner to reduce plant fitness. Likewise, relatively tractable weed-biocontrol systems allow us to examine multispecies interactions that can be difficult to study experimentally in native systems that are composed of numerous species with well-established populations.
journal_name
Ecologyjournal_title
Ecologyauthors
Swope SM,Parker IMdoi
10.1890/09-0855.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
2284-93issue
8eissn
0012-9658issn
1939-9170journal_volume
91pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ECOLOGY文献大全abstract::Although many species face numerous predators in nature, the combined impact of multiple predators on the inducible defenses of prey has rarely been studied. Prey may respond with an intermediate phenotype that balances the risk from several sources or may simply respond to the most dangerous predator. I examined the ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1653.1
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The input of external energy and matter in recipient ecosystems can act as a bottom-up force that subsidizes consumers, with subsequent cascading effects throughout the food web. Depending on the amount of input, dietary preference, and the strength of trophic links, allochthonous resources generally play a stabilizin...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.3074
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The most abundant elements contained in stem flow from American beech (Fagus grandifolia), red oak (Quercus rubra), and sugar maple (Acer saccharum) were C > K = Ca > Na = Mg = P. Variations in leaching potential and in concentration of chemical constituents around the base of beech trees, due to non-uniform stem flow...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2307/1934160
更新日期:1971-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We e...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2244.1
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among the few universal themes in ecology is that resources, energy, and organisms themselves, are patchily distributed. This patchy distribution imposes a need for some level of dispersal or connectivity among spatially separate patches in order to allow organisms to acquire sufficient resources for survival. To date...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/05-0860
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between Adélie Penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) and ice is well established, with sea ice influencing penguin populations through a variety of processes operating at different spatial and temporal scales. To further explain the relationship between sea ice and Adélie Penguin reproductive performance, we ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-0011.1
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological structures and processes occur at specific spatiotemporal scales, and interactions that occur across multiple scales mediate scale-specific (e.g., individual, community, local, or regional) responses to disturbance. Despite the importance of scale, explicitly incorporating a multi-scale perspective into res...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1315.1
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Theory of invasion ecology indicates that the number of invading individuals (propagule size) and the timing of invasion are important for invasion success. Propagule size affects establishment success due to an Allee effect and the effect of demographic stochasticity, whereas the timing of invasion does so via niche ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-1527.1
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sex ratios are commonly skewed and variable in wild populations, but few studies track temporal trends in this demographic parameter. We examined variation in the operational sex ratio at two protected and declining breeding colonies of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in Chubut, Argentina. Penguins from ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2939
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In view of growing interest in understanding how biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning, we investigated effects of riparian plant diversity on litter decomposition in forest streams. Leaf litter from 10 deciduous tree species was collected during natural leaf fall at two locations (Massif Central in France and Ca...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2007)88[219:dodlmi]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Given recent focus on large rivers as conduits for excess nutrients to coastal zones, their role in processing and retaining nutrients has been overlooked and understudied. Empirical measurements of nutrient uptake in large rivers are lacking, despite a substantial body of knowledge on nutrient transport and removal i...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1315.1
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accurately evaluating the strengths of direct (i.e., consumptive and non-consumptive) effects and indirect (density- and trait-mediated) interactions is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of the maintenance and dynamics of an ecosystem. However, an in situ evaluation has not been conducted for a long enough peri...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1743
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many young birds on the Arctic tundra are confronted by a challenging task: they must molt their feathers and accumulate fat stores for the autumn migration before climatic conditions deteriorate. Our understanding of the costs and constraints associated with these stages is extremely limited. We investigated post-juv...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0696.1
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competition is predicted to affect the expression of inducible defenses, but because costs of behavioral and morphological antipredator defenses differ along resource gradients, its effects on defenses may depend on the traits considered. We tested the predictions from different defense models in tadpoles of the commo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-1703.1
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The "evolution of increased competitive ability" (EICA) hypothesis proposes that escape from natural enemies, e.g., after transcontinental introductions, alters the selection regime because costly defenses no longer enhance fitness. Such an evolutionary loss of defenses enables resources to be directed toward growth o...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0160.1
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of deterministic assembly rules for plant communities remains an important and unresolved topic in ecology. Most studies examining community assembly have sampled aboveground species diversity and composition. However, plants also coexist belowground, and many coexistence theories invoke belowground comp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1942.1
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect mutualisms can have disproportionately large impacts on local arthropod and plant communities and their responses to climatic change. The objective of this study was to determine if the presence of insect mutualisms affects host plant and herbivore responses to warming. Using open-top warming chambers at Harvar...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0760.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sensitivity and elasticity analysis of population projection matrices (PPMs) are established tools in the analysis of structured populations, allowing comparison of the contributions made by different demographic rates to population growth. In some commonly used structures of PPM, however, there are mathematically ine...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/08-1188.1
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abiotic constraints and biotic interactions act simultaneously to shape communities. However, these community assembly mechanisms are often studied independently, which can limit understanding of how they interact to affect species dynamics and distributions. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian neighborhood modeling ap...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2441
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local species diversity is maintained over ecological time by a balance between dispersal and species interactions. Local-regional species richness relationships are often used to investigate the relative importance of these two processes and the scales at which they operate. For communities undergoing succession, the...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-1797.1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Whether different sources of mortality are additive, compensatory, or depensatory is a key question in population biology. A way to test for additivity is to calculate the correlation between cause-specific mortality rates obtained from marked animals. However, existing methods to estimate this correlation raise sever...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-1931.1
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dreissenid mussels, including the zebra (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga (Dreissena rostiformus bugensis) mussel, are invasive species known for their capacity to act as ecosystem engineers. They have caused significant changes in the many freshwater systems they have invaded by increasing water clarity, reducing pri...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1836
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tropical forests include a diversity of habitats, which has led to specialization in plants. Near Iquitos, in the Peruvian Amazon, nutrient-rich clay forests surround nutrient-poor white-sand forests, each harboring a unique composition of habitat specialist trees. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of impo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[150:tgtahs]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterogeneity is increasingly recognized as a foundational characteristic of ecological systems. Under global change, understanding temporal community heterogeneity is necessary for predicting the stability of ecosystem functions and services. Indeed, spatial heterogeneity is commonly used in alternative stable state ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2154
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patches, gradients, and hierarchies are three common organizational frameworks for assessing the effects of spatial heterogeneity on species distributions. Since these frameworks are often chosen a priori, without knowledge of study systems, they may not correspond to the empirical heterogeneity present and may result...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-0555
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We analyze an age-, size- and sex-structured model to investigate how the interplay between individual-level energy budget dynamics and the feedback of population grazing on resources shapes the individual life history and the dynamics of ungulate populations, living in a predator-free, seasonal resource environment. ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-1153.1
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent, low-severity fire in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forests is thought to have directly influenced nitrogen (N) cycling and availability. However, no studies to date have investigated the influence of natural fire intervals on soil processes in undi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2511:ffanti]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduced parasites threaten native host species that lack effective defenses. Such parasites increase the risk of extinction, particularly in small host populations like those on islands. If some host species are tolerant to introduced parasites, this could amplify the risk of the parasite to vulnerable host species...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of pathogens on host fitness is one of the key questions in infection ecology. Hantaviruses have coevolved with their hosts and are generally thought to have little or no effect on host survival or reproduction. We examined the effect of Puumala virus (PUUV) infection on the winter survival of bank voles...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-1620.1
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Removal of predators can have strong indirect effects on primary producers through trophic cascades. Crustose coralline algae (CCA) are major primary producers worldwide that may be influenced by predator removal through changes in grazer composition and biomass. CCA have been most widely studied in Caribbean and temp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-2059.1
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00