Abstract:
:Tropical forests include a diversity of habitats, which has led to specialization in plants. Near Iquitos, in the Peruvian Amazon, nutrient-rich clay forests surround nutrient-poor white-sand forests, each harboring a unique composition of habitat specialist trees. We tested the hypothesis that the combination of impoverished soils and herbivory creates strong natural selection for plant defenses in white-sand forest, while rapid growth is favored in clay forests. Recently, we reported evidence from a reciprocal-transplant experiment that manipulated the presence of herbivores and involved 20 species from six genera, including phylogenetically independent pairs of closely related white-sand and clay specialists. When protected from herbivores, clay specialists exhibited faster growth rates than white-sand specialists in both habitats. But, when unprotected, white-sand specialists outperformed clay specialists in white-sand habitat, and clay specialists outperformed white-sand specialists in clay habitat. Here we test further the hypothesis that the growth defense trade-off contributes to habitat specialization by comparing patterns of growth, herbivory, and defensive traits in these same six genera of white-sand and clay specialists. While the probability of herbivore attack did not differ between the two habitats, an artificial defoliation experiment showed that the impact of herbivory on plant mortality was significantly greater in white-sand forests. We quantified the amount of terpenes, phenolics, leaf toughness, and available foliar protein for the plants in the experiment. Different genera invested in different defensive strategies, and we found strong evidence for phylogenetic constraint in defense type. Overall, however, we found significantly higher total defense investment for white-sand specialists, relative to their clay specialist congeners. Furthermore, herbivore resistance consistently exhibited a significant trade-off against growth rate in each of the six phylogenetically independent species-pairs. These results confirm theoretical predictions that a trade-off exists between growth rate and defense investment, causing white-sand and clay specialists to evolve divergent strategies. We propose that the growth-defense trade-off is universal and provides an important mechanism by which herbivores govern plant distribution patterns across resource gradients.
journal_name
Ecologyjournal_title
Ecologyauthors
Fine PV,Miller ZJ,Mesones I,Irazuzta S,Appel HM,Stevens MH,Sääksjärvi I,Schultz JC,Coley PDdoi
10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[150:tgtahs]2.0.co;2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-07-01 00:00:00pages
S150-62issue
7 Suppleissn
0012-9658issn
1939-9170journal_volume
87pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ECOLOGY文献大全abstract::Does climate determine species' ranges? Rapid rates of anthropogenic warming make this classic ecological question especially relevant. We ask whether climate controls range limits by quantifying relationships between climatic variables (precipitation, temperature) and tree growth across the altitudinal ranges of six ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-1639.1
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing evidence for the influence of plant intraspecific variation on associated multi-trophic communities, but the traits driving such effects are largely unknown. We conducted a field experiment with selected genetic lines of the dioecious shrub Baceharis salicifolia to investigate the effects of plant gro...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-0444.1
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolism shapes the ecosystem role of organisms by dictating their energy demand and nutrient recycling potential. Metabolic theory (MTE) predicts consumer metabolic and recycling rates will rise with warming, especially if body size declines, but it ignores potential for adaptation. We measured metabolic and nutrie...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2463
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biological invasions can change ecosystem function, have tremendous economic costs, and impact human health; understanding the forces that cause and maintain biological invasions is thus of immediate importance. A mechanism by which exotic plants might displace native plants is by increasing the pressure of native con...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0223.1
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoautotrophs are generally considered to be the base of food webs, and habitats that lack light, such as caves, frequently rely on surface-derived carbon. Here we show, based on analysis of gut contents and stable isotope ratios of tissues (13C:12C and 15N:14N), that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria are directly consumed ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/11-0276.1
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of the distribution of elusive forest wildlife have suffered from the confounding of true presence with the uncertainty of detection. Occupancy modeling, which incorporates probabilities of species detection conditional on presence, is an emerging approach for reducing observation bias. However, the current li...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-0322.1
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal migrations are a fascinating and global phenomenon, yet they are often difficult to study and sometimes poorly understood. Here, we build on classic ecological theory by hypothesizing that some enigmatic spawning migrations across coastal marine habitats can be inferred from the population genetic signature of ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2967
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expansion of shrubs and trees across high-latitude ecosystems is one of the most dramatic ecological manifestations of climate change. Most of the work quantifying these changes has been done in small areas and over relatively recent time scales. These land-cover transitions are highly spatially variable, and we h...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2660
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In detritus-based ecosystems, autochthonous primary production contributes very little to the detritus pool. Yet primary producers may still influence the functioning of these ecosystems through complex interactions with decomposers and detritivores. Recent studies have suggested that, in aquatic systems, small amount...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-0606.1
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The importance of density dependence in natural communities continues to spark much debate because it is fundamental to population regulation. We used temporal manipulations of density to explore potentially stabilizing density dependence in early survivorship among six local populations of a tropical damselfish (Dasc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-0970
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In response to temporal changes in the quality and availability of food resources, consumers should adjust their foraging behavior in a manner that maximizes energy and nutrient intake and, when resources are limiting, minimizes dietary overlap with other consumers. Floodplains of the Amazon and its lowland tributarie...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/13-0393.1
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competitive interactions among species with similar ecological niches are known to regulate the assembly of biological communities. However, it is not clear whether such forms of competition can predict the collapse of communities and associated shifts in ecosystem function in the face of environmental change. Here, w...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/14-1731.1
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed dispersal fundamentally influences plant population and community dynamics but is difficult to quantify directly. Consequently, models are frequently used to describe the seed shadow (the seed deposition pattern of a plant population). For vertebrate-dispersed plants, animal behavior is known to influence seed sh...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[3160:iabisd]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nutritional imbalances are of great interest in the ecological stoichiometry literature, in which researchers have focused almost exclusively on cases where nutrients are available in low amounts relative to energy (carbon), and animal growth is impaired due to insufficient nutrient intake. Little attention has been g...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1325:tmoagt]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consumer-mediated nutrient supply is increasingly recognized as an important functional process in many ecosystems. Yet, experimentation at relevant spatial and temporal scales is needed to fully integrate this bottom-up pathway into ecosystem models. Artificial reefs provide a unique approach to explore the importanc...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/12-1122.1
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Competition is predicted to affect the expression of inducible defenses, but because costs of behavioral and morphological antipredator defenses differ along resource gradients, its effects on defenses may depend on the traits considered. We tested the predictions from different defense models in tadpoles of the commo...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-1703.1
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research examining the relationship between community diversity and invasions by nonnative species has raised new questions about the theory and management of biological invasions. Ecological theory predicts, and small-scale experiments confirm, lower levels of nonnative species invasion into species-rich compared to ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/07-0270.1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is still debated whether alien plants benefit from being mycorrhizal, or if engaging in the symbiosis constrains their establishment and spread in new regions. We analyzed the association between mycorrhizal status of alien plant species in Germany and their invasion success. We compared whether the representation ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1621
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amount of fresh carbon input into soil is experiencing substantial changes under global change. It is unclear what will be the consequences of such input changes on native soil carbon decomposition across ecosystems. By synthesizing data from 143 experimental comparisons, we show that, on average, fresh carbon inp...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/14-2228.1
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant biomass or productivity and the species richness of birds are associated across a range of spatial scales. Species-energy theory is generally assumed to explain these correlations. If true, bird richness should also track productivity temporally, and there should be spatial and temporal relationships between pro...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/14-0057.1
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern coexistence theory holds that stabilizing mechanisms, whereby species limit the growth of conspecifics more than that of other species, are necessary for species to coexist. Here, we used experimental and observational approaches to assess stabilizing forces in eight locally co-occurring, annual legume species ...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.3290
更新日期:2021-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::Recurrent, low-severity fire in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)/interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forests is thought to have directly influenced nitrogen (N) cycling and availability. However, no studies to date have investigated the influence of natural fire intervals on soil processes in undi...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[2511:ffanti]2.0.co;2
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interactions between predator and prey, or parasitoid and host, are shaped by trait- and density-mediated processes involving other community members. Parasitoids that lay their eggs in herbivorous insects locate their hosts through infochemicals such as herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) and host-produced kair...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/15-1300.1
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some species have disproportionate influence on assemblage structure, given their numbers or biomass. Most examples of such "strong interactors" come from small-scale experiments or from observations of the effects of invasive species. There is evidence that entire avian assemblages in open woodlands can be influenced...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/10-2340.1
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Western Amazonia is a global biodiversity hotspot that encompasses extensive variation in geologic, climatic, and biotic features. Palms (Arecaceae) are among the most diverse and iconic groups of plants in the region with more than 150 species that exhibit extraordinary variation of geographical distributions, region...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2841
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen and phosphorus frequently limit terrestrial plant production, but have a mixed record in regulating the abundance of terrestrial invertebrates. We contrasted four ways that Na could interact with an NP fertilizer to shape the plants and invertebrates of an inland prairie. We applied NP and Na to m2 plots in a...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1677
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The competitive exclusion principle is fundamental to understanding coexistence. Well-established theories predict the conditions for coexistence in consumer-resource interactions. Given that species often compete for commodities offered by mutualists, competitive exclusion theory should also be critical to understand...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.2708
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of bottom-up or top-down forces has been mainly studied for herbivores but rarely for pollinators. Habitat fragmentation might change driving forces of population dynamics by reducing the area of resource-providing habitats, disrupting habitat connectivity, and affecting natural enemies more th...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/06-1323.1
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our ability to predict how temperature modifies phenology at the community scale is limited by our lack of understanding of responses by functional groups of flowering plants. These responses differ among species with different life histories. We performed a reciprocal transplant experiment along four elevation gradie...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ecy.1685
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In fewer than two decades after invading the Americas, the European fly Drosophila subobscura evolved latitudinal clines in several traits. Moreover, its chromosomal inversion frequencies at given localities have shifted with climate warming. Temperature may have driven the evolution of both geographic clines and with...
journal_title:Ecology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1890/09-0097.1
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00