Abstract:
:Competitive interactions among species with similar ecological niches are known to regulate the assembly of biological communities. However, it is not clear whether such forms of competition can predict the collapse of communities and associated shifts in ecosystem function in the face of environmental change. Here, we use phylogenetic and functional trait data to test whether communities of two ecologically important guilds of tropical birds (frugivores and insectivores) are structured by species interactions in a fragmented Amazonian forest landscape. In both guilds, we found that forest patch size, quality, and degree of isolation influence the phylogenetic and functional trait structure of communities, with small, degraded, or isolated forest patches having an increased signature of competition (i.e., phylogenetic and functional trait overdispersion in relation to null models). These results suggest that local extinctions in the context of fragmentation are nonrandom, with a consistent bias toward more densely occupied regions of niche space. We conclude that the loss of biodiversity in fragmented landscapes is mediated by niche-based competitive interactions among species, with potentially far-reaching implications for key ecosystem processes, including seed dispersal and plant damage by phytophagous insects.
journal_name
Ecologyjournal_title
Ecologyauthors
Bregman TP,Lees AC,Seddon N,Macgregor HE,Darski B,Aleixo A,Bonsall MB,Tobias JAdoi
10.1890/14-1731.1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-10-01 00:00:00pages
2692-704issue
10eissn
0012-9658issn
1939-9170journal_volume
96pub_type
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