Abstract:
:A key role for phosphorylation of Smad2 by TGFβ superfamily ligands in the axial patterning of early embryos is well established. The regulation and role of Smad2 signaling in post-neurula embryonic patterning, however, is less well understood. While a variety of TGFβ superfamily ligands are implicated in various stages of anterior-posterior patterning, the ligand GDF11 has been shown to have a particular role in post-gastrula patterning in the mouse. Mouse GDF11 is specifically localized to the developing tail and is essential for normal posterior axial patterning. Mature GDF11 ligand is inhibited by its own prodomain, and extracellular proteolysis of this prodomain is thought to be necessary for GDF11 activity. The contribution of this proteolytic regulatory mechanism to Smad activation during embryogenesis in vivo, and to the development of posterior pattern, has not been characterized. We investigate here the role of Xenopus GDF11 in the activation of Smad2 during the development of tailbud-stage embryos, and the role of this activation in larval development. We also demonstrate that the activity of BMP-1/Tolloid-like proteases is necessary for the normal GDF11-dependent activation of Smad2 phosphorylation during post-gastrula development. These data demonstrate that GDF11 has a central role in the activation of Smad2 phosphorylation in tailbud stage Xenopus embryos, and provide the first evidence that BMP-1/Tolloid-mediated prodomain cleavage is important for activation of GDF11 in vivo.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Ho DM,Yeo CY,Whitman Mdoi
10.1016/j.mod.2010.08.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-01 00:00:00pages
485-95issue
9-12eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925-4773(10)00058-4journal_volume
127pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Retinoic acid plays important roles in development, growth and differentiation by regulating the expression of target genes. A new retinoic acid-inducible gene, Stra6, has been identified in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells using a subtractive hybridization cDNA cloning technique. Stra6 codes for a very hydrophobic membr...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Mutations in the CFTR gene cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with myocardial dysfunction. However, it remains unknown whether CF-related heart disease is a secondary effect of pulmonary disease, or an intrinsic primary defect in the heart. Here, we used zebrafish, which lack lung tissue, to investigate the role of CFTR in ca...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::The products of the trithorax gene are required to stably maintain homeotic gene expression patterns established during embryo-genesis by the action of the transiently expressed segmentation genes. We have determined the intron/exon structure of the trx gene and the large alternatively spliced trx RNAs, which are capa...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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doi:10.1016/0925-4773(95)00402-m
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abstract::Hair cell (HC) and supporting cell (SC) productions are completed during early embryonic development of the mammalian cochlea. This study shows that acutely dissociated cells from the newborn rat organ of Corti, developed into so-called otospheres consisting of 98% nestin (+) cells when plated on a non-adherent substr...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00659-x
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abstract::The spatial and temporal analysis of GATA-3 expression pattern in the human embryo revealed its expression in new anatomical sites. These include the endoderm of the primitive foregut, pharynx and allantois, the branchial arches and the mesenchymal cells surrounding the stomach and dorsal aorta. On the other hand, hum...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Compelling evidence from in vivo model systems within the past decade shows that the APP family of proteins is important for synaptic development and function in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The synaptic role promises to be complex and multifaceted for several reasons. The three family members have over...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2012.11.001
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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doi:10.1016/0925-4773(94)90094-9
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::During Drosophila eye development, cell differentiation is preceded by the formation of a morphogenetic furrow, which progresses across the epithelium from posterior to anterior. Cells within the morphogenetic furrow are apically constricted and shortened along their apical-basal axis. However, how these cell shape ch...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2008.04.005
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In bovine preimplantation development, female embryos progress at lower rates and originate smaller blastocysts than male counterparts. Although sex-specific gene expression patterns are reported, when and how sex dimorphism is established is not clear. Differences among female and male early development can be useful...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2015.12.001
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a large-scale gene expression screen 1765 randomly picked cDNAs were analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization in Xenopus embryos. Two hundred and seventy three unique, differentially expressed genes were identified, 204 of which are novel in Xenopus. Partial DNA sequences and expression patterns were documente...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00115-4
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent development of transgenic methods for the frog Xenopus laevis provides the opportunity to study later developmental events, such as organogenesis, at the molecular level. Our studies have focused on the development of the tadpole gut, where tissue specific promoters have yet to be identified. We have used m...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00217-8
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Smad5, together with Smad1 and Smad8, have been implicated as downstream signal mediators for several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recent studies have shown that primordial germ cells (PGCs) are absent or greatly reduced in Bmp4 or Bmp8b mutant mice. To define the role of Smad5 in PGC development, we examined P...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00367-7
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00197-5
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00138-0
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
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abstract::Transcription of the human interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) gene is strictly tissue specific, being restricted to retinal photoreceptors and pinealocytes. We have previously demonstrated that a sequence named A element, in the IRBP promoter is essential for IRBP gene transcription in vivo. Here we de...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00162-2
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have sequenced and defined the expression during rat embryogenesis of the protocadherin fat, the murine homologue of a Drosophila tumour suppressor gene. As previously described for human fat, the sequence encodes a large protocadherin with 34 cadherin repeats, five epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats contai...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00217-2
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00121-5
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::DEADSouth was selected in a screen for localized RNAs in Xenopus oocytes. In situ hybridization analysis shows that DEADSouth localizes to the vegetal cortex via the mitochondrial cloud early in oogenesis and segregates with germ plasm during early embryogenesis. These results lend further support for the general conc...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors controlling the differentiation of the multipotent embryonic lung endoderm and mesoderm are poorly understood. Recent evidence that Delta-like 1 (Dll1) and other genes in the Notch/Delta signaling pathway are expressed in the embryonic mouse lung suggests that this pathway is important for cell fate decisions ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00432-9
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2016.09.003
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drosophila melanogaster possesses a single gene, Dm myb, that is closely related to the vertebrate family of Myb genes, which encode transcription factors involved in regulatory decisions affecting cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In proliferating cells, the Dm myb gene product, DMyb, promotes both S...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to analyze the expression pattern of the 5'-nucleotidase (5nt) gene in Dictyostelium, we made a fusion construct in which the 5nt promoter directed the expression of beta-galactosidase gene. The reporter gene was not active in vegetative amoebae but was expressed during the aggregation stage. At the slug stag...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00580-9
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male and female embryonic stem (ES) cell lines were derived from the area pellucidae of Stage X (EG&K) chicken embryos. These ES cell lines were grown in culture for extended periods of time and the majority of the cells retained a diploid karyotype. When reintroduced into Stage VI-X (EG&K) recipient embryos, the cES ...
journal_title:Mechanisms of development
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.mod.2005.10.002
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00