Abstract:
:Jansen and Wall suggest a new way of defending hard paternalism in clinical research. They argue that non-therapeutic research exposing people to more than minimal risk should be banned on egalitarian grounds: in preventing poor decision-makers from making bad decisions, we will promote equality of welfare. We argue that their proposal is flawed for four reasons. First, the idea of poor decision-makers is much more problematic than Jansen and Wall allow. Second, pace Jansen and Wall, it may be practicable for regulators to uncover the values that a potential research participant holds when agreeing to enter a research project, so their claim that we must ban such research projects for all if we are to ban them for poor decision-makers looks to be unmotivated. Third, there seem to be cases where the liberty to enter the sort of research project Jansen and Wall discuss is morally weighty, and arguably should outweigh concerns of egalitarian distribution. Fourth, banning certain types of research, which seem on the face of it to offer an unfavourable risk-benefit ratio, would have unwelcome consequences for all clinical research, which Jansen and Wall do not recognize.
journal_name
Bioethicsjournal_title
Bioethicsauthors
Edwards SJ,Wilson Jdoi
10.1111/j.1467-8519.2010.01816.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
68-75issue
2eissn
0269-9702issn
1467-8519pii
BIOT1816journal_volume
26pub_type
评论,杂志文章相关文献
BIOETHICS文献大全abstract::In this article I consider the case of the surgical separation of conjoined twins resulting in the immediate and predictable death of the weaker one. The case was submitted to English law by the hospital, and the operation permitted against the parents' wishes. I consider the relationship between the legal decision an...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00322
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Erik Malmqvist defends the prohibition on kidney sales as a justifiable measure to protect individuals from harms they have not autonomously chosen. This appeal to 'group soft paternalism' requires that three conditions be met. It must be shown that some vendors will be harmed, that some will be subject to undue press...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12303
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In our previous article on the question whether heroin addicts are able to give informed consent voluntarily to research on heroin-assisted treatment, we criticized the ongoing bioethical discussion of a flawed conceptualization of heroin addicts' options. As a participant in this discussion, Edmund Henden defends the...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12276
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In his article 'The substance view: A critique', Rob Lovering argues that the substance view -according to which a human person comes into existence at the moment of conception - leads to such implausible implications that this view should be abandoned. I responded to his reductio arguments in 'A critique of Rob Lover...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12450
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germline genome editing is often disapproved of at the international policy level because of its possible threats to human dignity. However, from a critical perspective the relationship between this emerging technology and human dignity is relatively understudied. We explore the main principles that are referred to wh...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12607
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concept of vulnerability has been subject to numerous different interpretations but accounts are still beset with significant problems as to their adequacy, such as their contentious application or the lack of genuine explanatory role for the concept. The constant failure to provide a compelling conceptual analysi...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12144
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reports on qualitative research conducted in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, among researchers and gate-keepers of health facilities in the province. Results suggest disparate but not irreconcilable perceptions of the social value of research in provincial health facilities. This study found that researchers...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12323
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prominent international and national ethics commissions such as the UNESCO International Bioethics Committee rarely achieve anything remotely resembling gender equality, although local research and ethics committees are somewhat more egalitarian. Under-representation of women is particularly troubling when the subject...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2006.00485.x
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::If, as I believe, gene therapy is in principle ethically sound except for its possible connection with eugenics then there are two obvious ways of giving a simple and straightforward answer to a question such as this. The first is to say "yes it is, and so what?" The second is to say "no it isn't so we shouldn't worry...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1993.tb00283.x
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Slippery slope arguments (SSAs) are used in a wide range of philosophical debates, but are often dismissed as empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious. In particular, leading authors put forward a meta-SSA which points to instances of empirically ill-founded and logically fallacious SSAs and to the alleged exi...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12727
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Funders (located primarily in high-income countries) and high-income country researchers have historically dominated decision-making within global health research collaborations: from setting agendas and research design to determining how data are collected and analysed and what happens with findings and outputs. The ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12793
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of philosophers in recent times have employed arguments to show that there is no morally relevant difference between killing a patient and allowing that patient to die in those circumstances where the outcome is virtually identical and where death is preventable, at least for a significant time. From his per...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00169
更新日期:1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respect for confidentiality is firmly established in codes of ethics and law. Medical care and the patients' trust depend on the ability of the doctors to maintain confidentiality. Without a guarantee of confidentiality, many patients would want to avoid seeking medical assistance The principle of confidentiality, how...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.00654.x
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 'New Threats to Academic Freedom' Francesca Minerva argues that anonymity for the authors of controversial articles is a prerequisite for academic freedom in the Internet age. This argument draws its intellectual and emotional power from the author's account of the reaction to the on-line publication of ' After-bir...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12093
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some bioethicists argue that conscientious objectors in health care should have to justify themselves, just as objectors in the military do. They should have to provide reasons that explain why they should be exempt from offering the services that they find offensive. There are two versions of this view in the literat...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12055
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The New Zealand health service has been extensively changed over the past four years, with the introduction of four new Regional Health Authorities, required to purchase services on behalf of the Government from a range of providers. In order to ensure fairness across the four regions a Core Services Committee has bee...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1995.tb00359.x
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some commentators maintain that gestational surrogates are not 'mothers' in a way capable of grounding a claim to motherhood. These commentators find that the practices that constitute motherhood do not extend to gestational surrogates. We argue that gestational surrogates should be construed as mothers of the childre...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12808
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::If we have a duty not to infect others, how far does it go? This question is often discussed with respect to HIV transmission, but reflection on other diseases like influenza raises a number of interesting theoretical issues. I argue that a duty to avoid infection not only yields requirements for persons who know they...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00446.x
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discussion on ethical issues, it is said, should not be confined to experts but should be extended to patients and local communities, because of the real need to engage stakeholders and non-stakeholders alike not only in carrying out any biomedical research project, but also in the drafting and legislation of bioe...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2005.00464.x
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, we argue that a critical examination of epistemological and anthropological presuppositions might lead to a more fruitful use of theory in clinical-ethical practice. We differentiate between two views of conceptualizing ethics, referring to Charles Taylors' two epistemological models: 'monological' ve...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01912.x
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper is a critique of Norman Daniels' and James Sabin's 'Accountability for Reasonableness' framework for making priority-setting decisions in health care in the face of widespread disagreement about values. Accountability for Reasonableness has been rapidly gaining worldwide acceptance, arguably to the point of...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2007.00605.x
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An established ethical principle of biomedical research involving human subjects stipulates that risk to subjects should be proportionate to an experiment's potential benefits. Sometimes this principle is imprecisely stated as a requirement that 'risks and benefits' be balanced. First, it is noted why this language is...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00244
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in reprogramming technology do not bypass the ethical challenge of embryo sacrifice. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS) research has been and almost certainly will continue to be conducted within the context of embryo sacrifice. If human embryos have moral status as human beings, then participation in...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2011.01891.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distinction between stakeholders and shareholders frequently employed in business ethics can illuminate challenges faced by a bioethics advisory panel. I use the distinction to reflect back on the work of an advisory panel on which I served, a panel on US transplant policy. The panel hearings were akin to a shareh...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/1467-8519.00348
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contemporary realities of global population movement increasingly bring to the fore the challenge of quality and equitable health provision across language barriers. While this linguistic challenge is not unique to immigration contexts and is likewise shared by health systems responding to the needs of aboriginal peop...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12435
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been claimed in several places that the new genetic technologies allow humanity to achieve in a generation or two what might take natural selection hundreds of millennia in respect of the elimination of certain diseases and an increase in traits such as intelligence. More radically, it has been suggested that t...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2008.01703.x
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper argues that the convention of allocating donated gametes on a 'first come, first served' basis should be replaced with an allocation system that takes into account more morally relevant criteria than waiting time. This conclusion was developed using an empirical bioethics methodology, which involved a study...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12411
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rebecca Bennett, in a recent paper dismissing Julian Savulescu's principle of procreative beneficence, advances both a negative and a positive thesis. The negative thesis holds that the principle's theoretical foundation - the notion of impersonal harm or non-person-affecting wrong - is indefensible. Therefore, there ...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.2010.01870.x
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article introduces questions in psychiatric ethics regarding the substantial field of qualitative and quantitative research into 'posttraumatic growth', which investigates how, after devastating experiences, individuals can come to feel that they have developed warmer relationships, increased spirituality, or a c...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bioe.12164
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The assumption that people have a right to have children is considered in relation to the question of whether society has an obligation to allocate resources to make clinical in vitro fertilization available, at least to married couples where the woman is infertile and the couple provides the ovum and sperm. The auth...
journal_title:Bioethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1987.tb00010.x
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00