Abstract：
CONTEXT:Recent studies have uncovered a number of possible mechanisms by which prostate cancers can become resistant to systemic androgen deprivation, most involving androgen-independent reactivation of the androgen receptor. Genome-wide expression analysis with microarrays has identified a wide array of genes that are differentially expressed in metastatic prostate cancers compared to primary nonrecurrent tumors. Recently, recurrent gene fusions between TMPRSS2 and ETS family genes have been identified and extensively studied for their role in prostatic carcinoma. OBJECTIVE:To review the recent developments in the molecular biology of prostate cancer, including those pertaining to the androgen receptor and the newly identified TMPRSS2-related translocations. DATA SOURCES:Literature review and personal experience. CONCLUSIONS:Prostatic adenocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a broad spectrum of pathologic and molecular characteristics and clinical behaviors. Numerous mechanisms contribute to the development of resistance to androgen ablation therapy, resulting in ligand-independent reactivation of the androgen receptor, including amplification, mutation, phosphorylation, and activation of coreceptors. Multiple translocations of members of the ETS oncogene family are present in approximately half of clinically localized prostate cancers. TMPRSS2:ERG gene rearrangement appears to be an early event in prostate cancer and is not observed in benign or hyperplastic prostatic epithelium. Duplication of TMPRSS2:ERG appears to predict a worse prognosis. The relationship between TMPRSS2:ERG gene rearrangement and other morphologic and prognostic parameters of prostate cancer is still unclear.
journal_name
Arch Pathol Lab Medjournal_title
Archives of pathology & laboratory medicineauthors
Mackinnon AC,Yan BC,Joseph LJ,Al-Ahmadie HAdoi
10.1043/1543-2165-133.7.1033subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-07-01 00:00:00pages
1033-40issue
7eissn
0003-9985issn
1543-2165pii
2008-0669-RARjournal_volume
133pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Malignant granular cell tumor is a rare neoplasm that has been reported to occur at various sites. Although there are no reliable histologic criteria to differentiate the benign from the malignant form of granular cell tumor, in many reported cases cellular pleomorphism and the presence of mitotic activity suggested a...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with inherited or acquired immunodeficiency disorders are vulnerable to a broad spectrum of opportunistic infectious diseases, but a narrow spectrum of malignancies. These malignancies--B-cell lymphomas, Kaposi's sarcomas, and squamous cell carcinomas--are likely due to failure of immune surveillance to recog...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence is presented that basophilic radial hairlines in the calcified layer of articular cartilage are in vivo microcracks. They were present in three of 25 normal patellas from subjects below the age of 50 years, in 20 of 25 recently fractured hips (average patient age, 77.3 years), and in 16 of 25 osteoarthritic t...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Distinguishing intraductal papilloma from papillary carcinoma of the breast can be difficult using histologic criteria. Since cyclin D1, a G1 cell-cycle regulatory protein, is detectable immunohistochemically in a subset of breast carcinomas but not in benign breast tissues, we hypothesized that cyclin D1 im...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(1999)123<0152:DEOCDI>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) experience cutaneous and ocular abnormalities, including neoplasia of epithelial and melanocytic cellular origin. Black patients with XP display more severe ocular abnormalities and neoplasia. We report the clinicopathologic findings in two black young children with XP who pres...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine pathologists from different institutions reviewed in a double-blind study 16 breast tumors previously indexed as typical medullary carcinoma, atypical medullary carcinoma, or infiltrative ductal carcinoma. A set of 16 slides was circulated two times among the nine pathologists. The diagnoses of typical and atypic...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Because of a marked increase in the number of requests for antinuclear antibodies, anti-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies, and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies for the diagnosis of autoimmune rheumatic disease, guidelines have been proposed for their appropriate use. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate in terms of c...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2007)131[112:AOACPF]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Allogeneic marrow transplants from genotypically HLA-identical siblings have become lifesaving therapy for patients with various congenital and acquired diseases of the immune and hematopoietic systems. Unfortunately, less than 30% of patients in the United States have an HLA-identical sibling; therefore, many are den...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The importance of demonstrating linearity for a clinical chemistry analytical system has caused considerable debate. Disagreement about the way linearity is demonstrated has led to some misunderstanding about just what linearity means to the analytical goals. In many cases where linearity is evaluated by statistical m...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate three fluorescent chitin stains for detecting microsporidia spores in specimens from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with chronic diarrhea. METHODS:We compared the Fungifluor, Calcofluor White, and Fungiqual A fluorochrome stains for identifying Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Sept...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To develop a multi-institutional reference database of extraneous tissue (contaminants) in surgical pathology. DESIGN:In 1994, participants in the College of American Pathologists Q-Probes quality improvement program performed prospective and retrospective evaluations of extraneous tissue found in surgical p...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a poorly differentiated mucin-producing adenocarcinoma that may arise from many different organs, but all SRCCs share identical morphology. It is not possible to differentiate sites of origin for metastatic SRCC based on morphology alone. Mucins are high-molecular-weight gly...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2006)130[799:MPISCC]2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary lymphoma of the liver is rare. Recently, marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type have been described in the liver. Most of these cases occurred without known underlying liver disease, while others were seen in patients with chronic hepatitis. A case of primary hepatic MA...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2000)124<0604:PHMZBC>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine by review of their histogenesis whether papillomas of the nose and paranasal sinuses are three distinct entities or, as has been favored in the literature, three variations of a single entity. METHODS AND PATIENTS:We examined biopsy sections from 191 patients with sinonasal papillomas. Biopsy se...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this report, we describe a highly unusual case of glandular malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor presenting as a neck mass in a previously healthy 29-year-old man. Grossly, the tumor was found to arise from a swollen peripheral nerve trunk. The tumor was largely composed of spindle cells that demonstrated marked...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2000)124<1364:GMPNST>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of digoxin-specific fragments, antigen-binding (Fab) for antidotal therapy of severe digitalis intoxication is rapidly becoming a treatment of choice. Furthermore, studies with this mode of drug-specific therapy using Fab specific for desipramine and for phencyclidine suggest that this treatment may be applica...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen immunoperoxidase staining were applied to lung cancer cells in paraffin sections of cell blocks from sputa and bronchial washings. The results correlate well with cytologic diagnosis. The large cell carcinomas are nonreactive with both antibodies. ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is used as an objective measure of long-term blood glucose control in diabetic patients. Recent improvements in automation combined with new recommendations for precision and accuracy have caused us to reevaluate our methods for measuring HbA1c. OBJECTIVE:We evaluated...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(1999)123<0763:EOAFAH>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Casts were produced of the arterial networks of 25 human hearts obtained at autopsy from subjects who were not diagnosed as having cardiovascular disease. Many casts showed imprints of atherosclerotic plaques, remnants of calcified masses, and fine vascular meshes near the lumen of the major coronary arteries. Of 25 c...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hyalinized glomeruli in tissue sections those isolated from kidneys of subjected with end-stage and diabetic nephropathies and from aged persons (older than 75 years) were studied by histochemical, immunohistochemical, electron microscopic, and chemical methods. Our purposes were as follows: (1) to clarify the pathoge...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Fear that damaging information from autopsy may be introduced as evidence in lawsuits alleging medical malpractice is often cited as one factor contributing to the decline in autopsy rates. OBJECTIVE:To determine how autopsy information influences the outcome of medical malpractice litigation. DESIGN:We studi...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2002)126<1023:TROTAI>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Adenocarcinoma in situ of the cervix is a recently recognized interpretation in the Bethesda 2001 system. Although specific morphologic criteria have been published, recognizing this entity is still difficult. OBJECTIVE:To compare pathologists' ability to correctly identify and categorize adenocarcinoma in sit...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/1543-2165(2004)128<153:DOAISO>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytogenetic studies from the peripheral blood of a patient with malignant lymphoma and rheumatoid arthritis who was treated with intra-articular gold Au 198 revealed mosaicism with a normal female metaphase and a 43-chromosome metaphase. The abnormal cell line showed six missing normal chromosomes and three morphologi...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:Recent randomized controlled trials have shown a significant decrease in unsatisfactory rates for liquid-based cytology (LBC) compared with conventional Papanicolaou test (CP). The underlying causes and relevance of unsatisfactory results for LBC and CP have never been compared within the setting of a randomize...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2011-0113-OA
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT.—:Automated analyzers have advanced the field of clinical hematology, mandating updated complete blood count (CBC) reference intervals (RIs) to be clinically useful. Contemporary newborn CBC RI publications are mostly retrospective, which some authors have cited as one of their cardinal limitations and recommen...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.5858/arpa.2019-0444-OA
更新日期：2020-04-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Therapeutic drugs are not endogenous compounds. Therefore, differing reactivities between proficiency testing and patient samples have potential mechanisms beyond those attributable to alterations of the serum protein base, stabilizing materials, and other manufacturing components. The therapeutic drug monitoring prof...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Focal myositis is a benign pseudotumor of skeletal muscle, the cause of which is obscure. It usually appears as a steadily enlarging mass within the muscle of an extremity. The pathologic features are those of an inflammatory myopathy in which lymphocytic infiltrates, muscle cell necrosis, and regeneration are seen. F...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome in a 66-year-old woman, who displayed associated angiomas of the thyroid gland and choroid plexi and leptomeningeal melanosis. These findings are discussed in light of the proposed pathogenesis of the syndrome and its relationship to the other neuroectodermal dysplasias. ...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activity of lipoprotein lipase in the vascular bed represents the major pathway by which triglyceride fatty acid is cleared from the plasma and made available to the epripheral tissues. Recent studies on the properties of the enzyme, both solubilized and membrane-bound have provided new information on the regulati...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1977-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：CONTEXT:We recently described a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who presented with a breast carcinoma that stained positive for CD5 using a commercially available antibody (CD5-4C7, Novocastra, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK). OBJECTIVES:To study the distribution of CD5 immunoreactivity in tissue sections of a vari...
journal_title：Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1043/0003-9985(2001)125<0781:COISOD>2.0.CO;2
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
