Abstract：
:The aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used to treat estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast tumors in post-menopausal women, and function by blocking the conversion of adrenal androgens to estrogens by the enzyme CYP19 aromatase. Breast cancer patients receiving AI therapy have circulating estrogen levels below the level of detection; however, androgen concentrations remain unchanged. We were interested in studying the effects of androgens on breast cancer cell proliferation under profound estrogen-deprived conditions. Using in vitro models of estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell growth we show that the androgens testosterone and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone induce the growth of MCF-7, T47D and BT-474 cells in the absence of estrogen. Furthermore, we demonstrate that under profound estrogen-deprived conditions these breast cancer cells up-regulate steroidogenic enzymes that can metabolize androgens to estrogens. Lastly, we found that the downstream metabolite of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone, 5alpha-androstane-3beta,17beta-diol (3betaAdiol), is estrogenic in breast cancer cells, and induces growth and ER-signaling via activation of ERalpha. In conclusion, our results show that breast cancer cells deprived of estrogen up-regulate steroidogenic enzymes and metabolize androgens to estrogen-like steroids. The generation of estrogen-like steroids represents a potential mechanism of resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
journal_name
Breast Cancer Res Treatjournal_title
Breast cancer research and treatmentauthors
Sikora MJ,Cordero KE,Larios JM,Johnson MD,Lippman ME,Rae JMdoi
10.1007/s10549-008-0080-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
289-96issue
2eissn
0167-6806issn
1573-7217journal_volume
115pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The transition from screen-film to digital mammography may have altered diagnostic evaluation of women following a positive screening examination. This study compared the use and timeliness of diagnostic imaging and biopsy for women screened with screen-film or digital mammography. Data were obtained from 35,321 posit...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1007/s10549-013-2466-5
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate and compare the effects of mobile health (mHealth) and pedometer with conventional exercise program using a brochure on physical function and quality of life (QOL). METHODS:The study was a prospective, quasi-randomized multicenter trial where 356 patients whose cancer treatment had been terminat...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-4065-8
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although breast cancer familial aggregation has been studied in Caucasians, information for African-Americans is scant. We used family cancer history from the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences study to assess the aggregation of breast and gynecological cancers in African-American and Caucasian familie...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-004-2046-9
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The widespread use of mammography has resulted in the detection of an increasing number of small invasive breast cancers, i.e. those that are 1cm and smaller. Patients with these small cancers generally have a low incidence of axillary lymph node metastases, and this has led some to question the routine use of axillar...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1023/a:1006130911110
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (BC) and poorer outcome. We assessed the impact of body mass index (BMI) on pathological complete response (pCR), disease-free (DFS), and overall survival (OS), according to BC subtypes in patients with primary BC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. 8,87...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-015-3287-5
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several authors question the potential benefit of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) against the background of possible overdiagnosis, false-positive findings, and unnecessary resections in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer. In order to reveal a better selection of patients who should undergo preo...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-015-3556-3
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic testing enables women at risk for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer to find out whether they have inherited the gene mutation (BRCA1/BRCA2), and if so, to opt for frequent surveillance and/or prophylactic surgery (bilateral mastectomy and/or oophorectomy). Here, a follow-up is described for 63 healthy wo...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1015269620265
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:A number of studies have tested the hypothesis that breast cancer patients with low-activity CYP2D6 genotypes achieve inferior benefit from tamoxifen treatment, putatively due to lack of metabolic activation to endoxifen. Studies have provided conflicting data, and meta-analyses suggest a small but significant ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-017-4400-8
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macroautophagy (autophagy), a process for lysosomal degradation of organelles and long-lived proteins, has been linked to various pathologies including cancer and to the cellular response to anticancer therapies. In the human estrogen receptor positive MCF7 breast adenocarcinoma cell line, treatment with the endocrine...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-007-9873-4
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:After experiencing a distant recurrence, breast cancer patients have a poor prognosis; fewer than 5% survive for ten or more years. However, the time to death is highly variable, ranging from a few months to many years. The purpose of this study is to identify, in a large hospital-based series of patients wi...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-018-5002-9
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Genomic studies have revealed that genomic aberrations play important roles in the progression of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between clinical survival outcomes of the clonality and subclonality status of driver genes in breast cancer. METHODS:We performed an integrated...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-019-05153-8
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Discomfort during sexual activity is common after breast cancer. Vaginal estrogens are effective but commonly avoided due to systemic absorption. Despite the large commercial market for vaginal lubricants, no randomized studies have compared products. We aimed to compare efficacy and acceptability of two major types o...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-3865-1
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The incidence rate of breast cancer in Japan rose more than two-fold from 1959-60 to 1983-87. To assess to what extent this increase can be explained by changes in the prevalence of four major risk factors of breast cancer (i.e. age at menarche, age at first birth, age at menopause, and parity), we estimated the proba...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1005726110649
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR)--a long non-coding RNA--has been examined in a variety of human cancers, and overexpression of HOTAIR is correlated with poor survival among breast, colon, and liver cancer patients. In this retrospective study, we examine HOTAIR expression in 164 primary ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-013-2776-7
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past two decades, the simple model for control of breast cancer growth involving one or two factors acting directly or indirectly via endocrine pathways has turned into a complex model implicating numerous interacting factors and the diverse cell populations constituting breast tumors. Current approaches to b...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00683193
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:In order to better define the breast cancer (BC) genetic risk factors in men, a germline investigation was carried out on 81 Male BC cases by screening the 24 genes involved in BC predisposition, genome stability maintenance and DNA repair mechanisms by next-generation sequencing. METHODS:Germline DNAs were te...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-019-05429-z
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mechanisms by which breast cancer (BrC) can successfully metastasize are complex and not yet fully understood. Our goal was to identify tumor-induced stromal changes that influence metastatic cell behavior, and may serve as better targets for therapy. To identify stromal changes in cancer-bearing tissue, dual-spec...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-014-3122-4
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The anti-estrogenic effect of tamoxifen is suggested to be mainly attributable to its metabolite (Z)-endoxifen, and a minimum therapeutic threshold for (Z)-endoxifen in serum has been proposed. The objective of this research was to establish the relationship between dried blood spot (DBS) and serum concentrations of t...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-014-2999-2
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The main objectives of this study were to identify risk factors for local in-breast tumor recurrence after breast-conservation and to evaluate the impact of IBTR (in-breast tumor recurrence) on overall survival. METHODS:A total of 335 consecutive patients with 346 invasive and in situ breast cancers were treat...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-008-0187-y
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aurora kinases (AKs) regulate multiple components of mitotic cell division in eukaryotic cells. Aurora A is frequently amplified or overexpressed in breast cancer cells leading to aberrant chromosome segregation, genomic instability, and activation of oncogenic pathways. In the present studies, we determined the effec...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-012-2171-9
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Neoadjuvant response index (NRI) has been proposed as a simple measure of downstaging by neoadjuvant treatment in breast cancer. It was previously found to predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) in triple-negative (TN) breast cancer. It was at least as accurate as the standard binary system, the absence or presenc...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-015-3510-4
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prognosis of early beast cancer is heterogeneous. Today, no histoclinical or biological factor predictive for clinical outcome after adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy (CT) has been validated and introduced in routine use. Using DNA microarrays, we searched for a gene expression signature associated with metast...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-010-1003-z
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The genes mutated in the cancer-prone syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP genes), have been well studied both biochemically and mechanistically. These genes are important components of the DNA nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, which protects against environmentally-induced cancers. XP genes are also ...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-006-9263-3
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends concurrent palliative care (PC) for patients with metastatic cancer. Recent data show benefits of early PC (at least 90 days before death). However, little is known about PC among patients who die from metastatic breast cancer. METHODS:Patients with metastat...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-017-4556-2
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is an increased risk of breast cancer in patients who have undergone radiation treatment for lymphoma. While this usually precludes further radiotherapy (RT), we report five women who received irradiation for lymphoma and who subsequently received breast-conserving therapy between 1995 and 2007 for early-stage b...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-009-0421-2
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:To investigate whether treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, and endocrine therapy) contributes to racial disparities in outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). PATIENTS AND METHODS:The analysis included 8184 non-Hispanic White and 954 non-Hispanic Black women diagnosed with DCIS between 1996 and 2011 an...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-016-4030-6
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several prognostic signatures have been identified for breast cancer. However, these signatures vary extensively in their gene compositions, and the poor concordance of the risk groups defined by the prognostic signatures hinders their clinical applicability. Breast cancer risk prediction was refined with a novel appr...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-014-3104-6
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are increasingly surpassing tamoxifen as the endocrine treatment of choice for postmenopausal breast cancer patients. With their increasing use, there is concern that they are being inadvertently prescribed to pre- and peri-menopausal women. METHODS:As part of a continuing med...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-005-9031-9
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammographic density is a strong and independent risk factor for breast cancer and is considered an intermediate marker of risk. The major predictors of premenopausal mammographic density, however, have yet to be fully elucidated. To test the hypothesis that urinary estrogen metabolism profiles are associated with mam...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-012-2240-0
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the content, quality and reliability of YouTube videos related to breast self-examination. DESIGN:A search of YouTube was made on 21.06.2018 using the keyword of "breast self-examination". The videos were categorised by two doctors as useful information or misleading information. To evaluate the q...
journal_title：Breast cancer research and treatment
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10549-018-5044-z
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
