New tools to study biophysical properties of single molecules and single cells.

Abstract:

:We present a review on two new tools to study biophysical properties of single molecules and single cells. A laser incident through a high numerical aperture microscope objective can trap small dielectric particles near the focus. This arrangement is named optical tweezers. This technique has the advantage to permit manipulation of a single individual object. We use optical tweezers to measure the entropic elasticity of a single DNA molecule and its interaction with the drug Psoralen. Optical tweezers are also used to hold a kidney cell MDCK away from the substrate to allow precise volume measurements of this single cell during an osmotic shock. This procedure allows us to obtain information about membrane water permeability and regulatory volume increase. Defocusing microscopy is a recent technique invented in our laboratory, which allows the observation of transparent objects, by simply defocusing the microscope in a controlled way. Our physical model of a defocused microscope shows that the image contrast observed in this case is proportional to the defocus distance and to the curvature of the transparent object. Defocusing microscopy is very useful to study motility and mechanical properties of cells. We show here the application of defocusing microscopy to measurements of macrophage surface fluctuations and their influence on phagocytosis.

journal_name

An Acad Bras Cienc

authors

Rocha MS,Mesquita ON

doi

10.1590/s0001-37652007000100003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-03-01 00:00:00

pages

17-28

issue

1

eissn

0001-3765

issn

1678-2690

pii

S0001-37652007000100003

journal_volume

79

pub_type

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