Abstract：
BACKGROUND:The Clinical Brain Disorders Branch Sibling Study data set was initiated in 1996 to examine genetic associations and to identify biological traits associated with susceptibility gene effects. Characterizing genes--and translating their effects on brain development and function--has potential implications for improving the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE:The goal of this article was to discuss the relationship between genetic variation and schizophrenia using in vivo and postmortem genomics. CONCLUSIONS:Over the past 2 years, several specific genes have been convincingly associated with schizophrenia risk in a number of populations around the world. Some of the genes that have been studied more extensively include: catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) (chromosome 22q), dysbindin-1 (chromosome 6p), neuregulin 1 (chromosome 8p), metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM-3) (chromosome 7q), glutamate decarboxylase 1 (chromosome 2q), and disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) (chromosome 1q). A functional polymorphism in the COMT gene, which affects prefrontal cortical function by changing dopamine signaling in the prefrontal cortex, has been studied extensively. This gene impacts the regulation of dopamine neuronal activity in the brainstem, which is associated with psychosis. GRM-3 shows similar results on prefrontal function; in postmortem tissue, it has an effect on expression of various glutamate synaptic markers. DISC1 affects hippocampal anatomy and function, whereas dysbindin-1 appears to be a general cognitive capacity gene that is underexpressed in the schizophrenic cortex. Data suggest that these susceptibility genes influence the cortical information processing which characterizes the schizophrenic phenotype. These data add to the evidence that such genes contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and provide insights into their mechanisms. Thus, genetic variation and its influence on the biological processes underlying schizophrenia may be key to developing future prevention strategies and new treatments.
journal_name
Clin Therjournal_title
Clinical therapeuticsauthors
Weinberger DRdoi
10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.07.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
S8-15eissn
0149-2918issn
1879-114Xpii
S0149-2918(05)00139-6journal_volume
27 Suppl Apub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to determine the time to onset of pain relief from a single dose of a tablet formulation of paracetamol (acetaminophen) containing sodium bicarbonate (PSC). METHODS:A single oral dose of PSC or placebo was randomly administered to patients with acute sore throat under double-blind c...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.09.009
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Risedronate 5 mg/d is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Once-monthly dosing options might increase treatment compliance and persistence. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to compare the tolerability and efficacy of 3 once-month...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.02.012
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Stroke is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability worldwide. Diabetes mellitus and the associated hyperglycemia are important risk factors for acute ischemic stroke and are associated with poor prognosis. Neurovascular protection is an important therapeutic target to achieve ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.008
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Selumetinib (AZD6244, ARRY-142886), an oral, potent, and highly selective mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/2 inhibitor with a short half-life, has shown activity across various tumor types. Before initiation of Phase III trials, the site, scale, and color (hypromellose shell from white [Phase II] to blue [Pha...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.08.022
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Olanzapine is a psychotropic agent that belongs to the thienobenzodiazepine class. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the bioequivalence of 2 commercial 10-mg tablet formulations of olanzapine by statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters C(max), AUC from 0 to 72 hours after dosing (A...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.03.008
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immediate complications of trauma and shock include right heart failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, coagulopathy, brain edema, small bowel dysfunction, renal failure, and immune dysfunction. Nosocomial infections are also common in trauma patients. These infections are the combined result of a compromised ho...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is an effective (<1% annual failure rate) contraceptive administered by intramuscular injection every 3 months. DMPA is an increasingly popular contraceptive choice for adolescents, yet its use is associated with weight gain as well as subsequent nonadherence and long...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.02.008
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 28-day, double-blind study involving 56 outpatients ws initiated to compare the anxiolytic efficacy and safety of ketazolam once a day at bedtime (HS) with diazepam given three times a day (TID) and placebo HS or TID. Ketazolam HS was at least equivalent, and in some respects superior, to diazepam TID with fewer, le...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although third mandibular molar extraction is a widely used and validated model of acute pain for evaluating analgesic efficacy, a large proportion of patients experience moderate or severe pain following this procedure and require analgesia. Current treatment options have been associated with safety concern...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2012.01.004
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Hemorrhagic cystitis is a potentially life-threatening complication in patients receiving cancer therapy. This urologic emergency is commonly associated with the chemotherapeutic use of oxazaphosphorine alkylating agents. This report describes a case of hemorrhagic cystitis associated with dacarbazine trea...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.06.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this double-masked, double-dummy, randomized, single crossover study, we compared single doses of a fast-dissolving wafer formulation of famotidine with a conventional tablet formulation of ranitidine in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Patient preference time until symptomatic relief, and pred...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(97)80074-4
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States, with a higher mortality in women, despite a lower prevalence. Statins effectively treat dyslipidemia and reduce the risk of CHD mortality. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to evaluate the treatment of ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.04.012
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) optimization of antibiotic therapy has been shown to improve outcomes in several antibiotic classes. Despite the frequent use of beta-lactams, clinical data in humans remain limited. OBJECTIVE:This study evaluated the relationship between serum pharmacokinetics, pharm...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(01)80103-x
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of tioconazole solution (1%) in a pump spray were evaluated in an open-label trial in 26 patients with dermatophytosis, superficial candidiasis, and tinea versicolor. Medication was applied twice daily for 30 consecutive days. Eighteen patients had dermatophyte lesions: fo...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has a substantial negative impact; however, within long-term follow-up studies, a proportion of patients do very well, both symptomatically and functionally, suggesting that the lower the symptom burden, the greater the functional improvements. Studies in major...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.11.006
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The tablet formulation of sodium phosphate (NaP) is a prescription osmotic purgative that has been marketed since 2001. The use of NaP tablets in patients with constipation has not been studied previously. OBJECTIVE:This study assessed the tolerability and efficacy of 28 days of therapy with NaP tablets (1....
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2004.09.007
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tapentadol hydrochloride is a centrally acting oral analgesic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in November 2008 for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain. It is available as immediate-release 50-, 75-, and 100-mg tablets. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article is to review animal stud...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2009.12.003
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:According to evidence-based guidelines, the combination of inhaled corticosteroids and inhaled long-acting beta(2)-agonists in a single inhaler is recommended for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are experiencing exacerbations. The relative effectiveness of combination products ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2010.06.022
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Glucosamine is widely used by patients with osteoarthritis (OA) to provide symptomatic relief and to delay disease progression. However, clinical studies have reported inconsistent clinical outcomes. The current study hypothesized that the reported inconsistent clinical results could be, in part, due to variabl...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.009
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Breast cancer surgery performed with the patient under general anesthesia has been associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Between 60% and 80% of patients who undergo mastectomy (with axillary dissection) experience PONV. We previously reported that propofol a...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验,收录出版
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2008.11.011
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Insulin therapy may eventually be required to maintain glycemic control in many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Premixed insulin analogues offer relatively physiologic and predictable time-action profiles and are available in more convenient delivery systems with finer needles than in the past. They ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.07.003
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The objective of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of voriconazole and to identify factors that significantly affect pharmacokinetic parameters and to further investigate optimal dosage regimens in Chinese adult patients with hematologic malignancies. METHODS:A prospective populati...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.027
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The decline of central nervous system (CNS) function is a hallmark characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can manifest as cognitive impairment. We believe that exercise represents a potential behavioral approach for counteracting the declines in CNS structure and associated function among persons with M...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2017.12.001
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glucose homeostasis is the result of a complex interaction of a spectrum of hormones, including insulin, glucagon, amylin, and the incretins. Incretins are released by enteroendocrine cells in the intestine in response to a meal. Incretin dysfunction, along with a number of other defects, has been implicated...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.04.015
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Impaired mineral homeostasis affecting calcium, phosphate, and magnesium is a result of parathyroid hormone (PTH) deficiency in hypoparathyroidism. The current standard of treatment with active vitamin D and oral calcium does not control levels of these major minerals. Recombinant full-length human PTH 1-84 ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.04.001
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) impose a significant burden on public health, particularly in developing nations. Many can be treated cost-effectively with drugs donated or offered at or below marginal cost. In 2012, the World Health Organization published an NTD roadmap that outlined a strategy for the prev...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2016.02.031
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study categorizes the types of inappropriate intravenous prescriptions in hospitalized patients in China. Prescription data from 2016 were retrospectively analyzed based on predefined categories of inappropriateness. Of the 123,521 patients included, 89.2% received intravenous medications, contributing to 80% of ...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.05.009
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many active pharmaceutical ingredients taste bitter and thus are aversive to children as well as many adults. Encapsulation of the medicine in pill or tablet form, an effective method for adults to avoid the unpleasant taste, is problematic for children. Many children cannot or will not swallow solid dose fo...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clinthera.2013.06.007
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Inhibitors of platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa have been demonstrated to be effective in controlling acute cardiac complications in patients presenting with acute ischemic coronary syndromes (AICS). Since patients with atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease may present with AICS on multiple occasions, it is impo...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0149-2918(00)88273-9
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This pilot study was conducted to compare both the clinical effectiveness and the treatment costs of newer (atypical) antipsychotic medications (clozapine and risperidone) with those of older (classic) neuroleptic medications (chlorpromazine and haloperidol) for psychosis in a community mental health care setting. The...
journal_title：Clinical therapeutics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80028-9
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
