Abstract：
:The premise that bones grow and remodel throughout life to adapt to their mechanical environment is often called Wolff's law. Wolff's law, however, is not always true, and in fact comprises a variety of different processes that are best considered separately. Here we review the molecular and physiological mechanisms by which bone senses, transduces, and responds to mechanical loads, and the effects of aging processes on the relationship (if any) between cortical bone form and mechanical function. Experimental and comparative evidence suggests that cortical bone is primarily responsive to strain prior to sexual maturity, both in terms of the rate of new bone growth (modeling) as well as rates of turnover (Haversian remodeling). Rates of modeling and Haversian remodeling, however, vary greatly at different skeletal sites. In addition, there is no simple relationship between the orientation of loads in long bone diaphyses and their cross-sectional geometry. In combination, these data caution against assuming without testing adaptationist views about form-function relationships in order to infer adult activity patterns from skeletal features such as cross-sectional geometry, cortical bones density, and musculo-skeletal stress markers. Efforts to infer function from shape in the human skeleton should be based on biomechanical and developmental models that are experimentally tested and validated.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Pearson OM,Lieberman DEdoi
10.1002/ajpa.20155subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-01-01 00:00:00pages
63-99eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
Suppl 39pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A very limiting factor for paleoanthropological studies is the poor state of preservation of the human fossil record, where fragmentation and deformation are considered normal. Although anatomical information can still be gathered from a distorted fossil, such specimens must typically be excluded from advanced morphol...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22376
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Geographic information systems (GIS) software is typically used for analyzing geographically distributed data, allowing users to annotate points or areas on a map and attach data for spatial analyses. While traditional GIS-based research involves geo-referenced data (points tied to geographic locations), the use of th...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22099
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three fundamental ontogenetic pathways lead to the development of size differences between males and females. Males and females may grow at the same rate for different durations (bimaturism), grow for the same duration at different rates, or grow at a mix of rate and duration differences. While patterns of growth and ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21600
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We classified diversity in eight new complete mitochondrial genome sequences and 41 partial sequences from living Aboriginal Australians into five haplogroups. Haplogroup AuB belongs to global lineage M, and AuA, AuC, AuD, and AuE to N. Within N, we recognize subdivisions, assigning AuA to haplogroup S, AuD to haplogr...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20426
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Studies of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ(13) C and δ(15) N) of modern tissues with a fast turnover, such as hair and fingernails, have established the relationship between these values in mothers and their infants during breastfeeding and weaning. Using collagen from high-resolution dentin...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22736
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Food sharing among nonkin-one of the most fascinating cooperative behaviors in humans-is not widespread in nonhuman primates. Over the past few years, a large body of work has investigated the contexts in which primates cooperate and share food with unrelated individuals. This work has successfully demonstrated that s...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22043
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The approximal surfaces of premolars and molars of 376 adult British-Romano skulls were examined for wear facets. The type of wear was designated as convex, concave, sigmoid, or flat, and the degree was categorised on a three-point scale. Concave wear facets were more frequently seen in the older age groups, but the t...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330730309
更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bilateral correlations are higher and bilateral variances within individuals smaller in the samples of inbred individuals than in matched control groups of the same sex for pattern intensities on fingers in four series of data and also for pattern intensities on palms, toes, and soles and the palmer main line indices ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330810109
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Historical and anthropological data suggest that skeletons excavated from an 11th to 15th century mass grave in Bondy, France, may be those of victims of the Great Plague. Using high-throughput real-time PCR investigation of the dental pulp collected from 14 teeth from five such skeletons, we detected Bartonella quint...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21510
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Schistosome infections can damage organs important for water homeostasis, especially the kidneys. Urogenital schistosomiasis (caused by Schistosoma haematobium) increases protein and blood in urine and intestinal schistosomiasis (caused by S. mansoni) affects total body water. However, no data exist on how d...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23479
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pliopithecid remains from the Spanish locality of Torrent de Febulines (Late Vallesian, MN 10), consisting of right and left mandibular fragments with partial tooth rows and an isolated P(3) probably belonging to the same individual, are described and assigned to Egarapithecus narcisoi gen. et sp. nov. (Pliopithecidae...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1043
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studying the current distribution of genetic diversity in humans has important implications for our understanding of the history of our species. We analyzed a set of linked STR and SNP loci from the paternally inherited Y chromosome to infer the past demography of 55 African and Eurasian populations, using both the pa...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22707
更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Archaeological and ethnohistorical documents suggest that the Chachapoya region was inhabited by a number of distinct sociopolitical groups that only united in the face of their common enemy, the Inka. The purpose of this research is to quantify the amount of internal genetic differentiation and levels of extraregiona...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20431
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The human respiratory apparatus is characterized by sexual dimorphism, the cranial airways of males being larger (both absolutely and relatively) than those of females. These differences have been linked to sex-specific differences in body composition, bioenergetics, and respiratory function. However, whethe...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23051
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In various environments where primates are presently observed, as well as in forests and savannas which have been inhabited by australopithecines and early hominids, there are (or there have been presumably) categories of substances eliciting taste signals associated with stereotyped responses. Such is the case for va...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10046
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A total of 582 individuals (1,164 chromosomes) from two African, eight African-derived South American, five South American Amerindian, and three Brazilian urban populations were studied at four variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and two short tandem repeat (STR) hypervariable loci. These two sets of loci did not ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199908)109:4<425::AID-AJPA
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The Taung hominin fossil was recovered in 1924 during quarry operations in the tufa formations of the Buxton Limeworks. Reconstructions of the depositional environment of the juvenile Australopithecus skull have concentrated on the types of caves that form within the tufa. Hopley et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22883
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Pelvic features, mostly known as parturition scars, have been extensively studied in the last decades and are frequently investigated in archaeological and forensic contexts. It is still unclear, however, whether they really relate to pregnancy and birth, or whether these features are caused by other biomech...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.24196
更新日期：2020-12-09 00:00:00
abstract：:During excavations of the Bronze Age levels at El Mirador Cave, a hole containing human remains was found. Taphonomic analysis revealed the existence of cutmarks, human toothmarks, cooking damage, and deliberate breakage in most of the remains recovered, suggesting a clear case of gastronomic cannibalism. The piled di...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20610
更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:African American populations in the U.S. formed primarily by mating between Africans and Europeans over the last 500 years. To date, studies of admixture have focused on either a one-time admixture event or continuous input into the African American population from Europeans only. Our goal is to gain a bette...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23343
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Great apes show considerable diversity in socioecology and life history, but knowledge of their physical growth in natural settings is scarce. We characterized linear body size growth in wild mountain gorillas from Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda, a population distinguished by its extreme folivory and accele...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.23232
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dental casts taken of Aboriginal people resident at Yuendumu, Central Australia, between 1950-1970 preserve a unique historical record of defects of the dental enamel (DDEs) among people born from 1890-1960 (n = 377). These data are used, in comparison with precontact data, to trace the chronological changes in ch...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20054
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between diarrheal diseases and growth increments in total body length and weight was investigated in 716 rural Ladino Gautemalan children. Data on diarrheal diseases were provided by the mothers through retrospective surveys carried out at 14-day intervals. Increments in length and weight, semestral f...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330430307
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Scratches found on the Engis 2 cranium have been described as perimortem and interpreted as intentional scalping marks by Russell and LeMort (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 69:317-323, 1986). These marks are described and compared to damage on other fossil hominids. The Engis marks have been misinterpreted. These marks are s...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330780305
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The diet of tufted capuchins (Sapajus) is characterized by annual or seasonal incorporation of mechanically protected foods. Reliance on these foods raises questions about the dietary strategies of young individuals that lack strength and experience to access these resources. Previous research has demonstrat...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22865
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A new genus and species of notharctine primate, Hesperolemur actius, is described from Uintan (middle Eocene) aged rocks of San Diego County, California. Hesperolemur differs from all previously described adapiforms in having the anterior third of the ectotympanic anulus fused to the internal lateral wall of the audit...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330980406
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper we discuss diet and health changes of millet agriculturists in Northern China, Shaanxi province, during the period 7,000-4,000 BP. An episode of intensive climatic oscillations that preceded the onset of colder climate circa the fifth millennium BP divides the period (Shi et al. [1993] Global Planet. Cha...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10014
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Linear enamel hypoplasia was scored on Neolithic, Copper Age, and Early Bronze Age samples from the Trentino region, Italy, in order to compare the extent of growth disruption in different biocultural subsistence systems (foragers with little agriculture, to agriculturists and agropastoralists). The Early Bronze Age s...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10135
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Spearman-Brown Prophesy formula, derived from psychometrics, may be used in anthropometric studies to describe the relationship between the intraclass reliability coefficient for a single measurement and the reliability resulting from the mean of replicate measurements. This theory may be applied to determine expe...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330790108
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information about primate genomes has re-emphasized the importance of the great apes (Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo) as, for most purposes, the appropriate comparators when generating hypotheses about the most recent common ancestor of the hominins and panins, or the most recent common ancestor of the hominin clade. Great a...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22391
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
