Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:To describe the rate, risk factors, and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in pediatric patients. METHODS:This prospective surveillance study of VAP among all patients receiving mechanical ventilation for 48 hours or more admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) in Saudi Arabia from May 2000 to November 2002 used National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System definitions. RESULTS:Three hundred sixty-one eligible patients were enrolled. Most were Saudi with a mean age of 28.6 months. Thirty-seven developed VAP. The mean VAP rate was 8.87 per 1,000 ventilation-days with a ventilation utilization rate of 47%. The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 21 days for VAP patients and 10 days for non-VAP patients. The mean PICU stay was 34 days for VAP patients and 15 days for non-VAP patients. Among VAP patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. Other gram-negative organisms were also encountered. There was no significant difference between VAP and non-VAP patients regarding mortality rate. Witnessed aspiration, reintubation, prior antibiotic therapy, continuous enteral feeding, and bronchoscopy were associated with VAP. On multiple logistic regression analysis, only prior antibiotic therapy, continuous enteral feeding, and bronchoscopy were independent predictors of VAP. CONCLUSIONS:The mean VAP rate in this hospital was higher than that reported by NNIS System surveillance of PICUs. This study has established a benchmark for future studies of VAP in the pediatric intensive care population in Saudi Arabia. Additional studies from the region are necessary for comparison and development of preventive measures.
journal_name
Infect Control Hosp Epidemioljournal_title
Infection control and hospital epidemiologyauthors
Almuneef M,Memish ZA,Balkhy HH,Alalem H,Abutaleb Adoi
10.1086/502472subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-09-01 00:00:00pages
753-8issue
9eissn
0899-823Xissn
1559-6834pii
ICHE8876journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate and control an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) occurring in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and to determine signs specific for EKC in newborns. DESIGN:Outbreak investigation and case-control study. SETTING:NICU of a 1,600-bed university hospital in Heidelberg, Germany....
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
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更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We describe the clinical, microbiologic, and molecular features of the first series of qacA/B-containing strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from infected US patients. All qac-carrying strains were clonally diverse, and qacA strains exhibited increased tolerance to chlorhexidine as measured by minim...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
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更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the rates of surgical-site infections (SSIs) after spinal surgery and to identify the risk factors associated with infection. DESIGN:SSIs had been identified by active prospective surveillance. A case-control study to identify risk factors was performed retrospectively. SETTING:University-asso...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
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doi：10.1086/502259
更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:More than 50% of women with clinically apparent infection after mastectomy did not meet the 2020 National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definition for surgical site infection (SSI). Implant loss was similar whether the 2020 NHSN SSI definition was met or not, suggesting equivalent adverse outcomes regardless of res...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
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doi：10.1017/ice.2020.1288
更新日期：2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Nine hundred sixteen cultures were obtained from homes of patients with cystic fibrosis, control homes, salad bars, and food markets, and analyzed for the presence of Pseudomonas cepacia and related bacteria. P cepacia was recovered from 5 (18%) of 27 homes, and from 20 (4%) of 509 cultures collected outside of homes....
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646999
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The extent to which the use of alcohol-based handrub for hand hygiene has been adopted by US hospitals is unknown. A survey of infection control coordinators (response rate, 516 [72%] of 719) revealed that most hospitals (436 [84%] of 516) have adopted alcohol-based handrub. Leadership support and staff receptivity pl...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/592095
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen associated with higher mortality, longer hospital stays, and increased costs. CRKP was thought to be sporadic in Los Angeles County (LAC); however, the actual incidence is unknown. To address this, LAC declared CRKP ...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/669087
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benchmarks for antimicrobial consumption measured in antimicrobial days are beginning to emerge. The relationship between the traditional measure of days of therapy and antimicrobial days is unclear. We observed a high intermethod correlation (R2=0.99): antimicrobial days were 1.9-fold lower than days of therapy acros...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2016.109
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Limited data exist regarding combination therapy for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). After adjusting for confounders in a cohort of patients with CDI and≥1 year old, combination therapy was not associated with significant differences in clinical outcomes, but it was associated with prolonged duration of therapy...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2016.320
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evidence that genes were transferred during evolution from plants to bacteria was obtained from nucleotide and protein sequence analyses. However, the extent of such transfers among phylogenetically distant organisms is limited by various factors, including those related to complexity of the environment and those endo...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1086/501779
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Laboratory investigations were initiated with a povidone-iodine antiseptic solution that was intrinsically contaminated with Pseudomonas cepacia. These investigations were helpful in understanding the microbicidal and chemical properties of iodophor solutions and the mechanism by which P cepacia can survive i...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646342
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess definitions, experience, and infection control practices for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB), including Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species, in acute care hospitals. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS:US and international members of the Society ...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/675600
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Describe an outbreak of surgical wound infections associated with total hip arthroplasty; identify risk factors for surgical wound infection during the pre-outbreak and outbreak periods. SETTING:A 100-bed hospital. From May 1 to September 30, 1988, 7 of 15 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty devel...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646592
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the influence of matching on exposure time on estimates of attributable mortality of nosocomial bacteremia as assessed by matched cohort studies. DESIGN:Two retrospective, pairwise-matched (1:2) cohort studies. SETTING:A 54-bed intensive care unit (ICU) in a university hospital. PATIENTS:Patien...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/502551
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During an insidious outbreak of salmonellosis in a long-term care facility, residents who were treated with acid-suppressing medications were 8 times more likely than other residents to develop Salmonella infection. Among vulnerable populations, the risks and benefits of acid-suppressing medications should be consider...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/520736
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present basic information that a hospital epidemiologist needs when designing a surveillance system for noninfectious adverse outcomes of care. Specific topics reflect key characteristics of such a surveillance system: the purpose, rationale, priorities, definitions, data collection tools, data collection, analysis...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/647142
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of major interventions targeting infection control and diagnostic stewardship in efforts to decrease Clostridioides difficile hospital onset rates over a 6-year period. DESIGN:Interrupted time series. SETTING:The study was conducted in an 865-bed academic medical center. METHODS:Monthl...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2020.247
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increase the likelihood of readmission. DESIGN:Retrospective matched cohort study for the years 2008-2009. SETTING:Acute care hospitals. PARTICIPANTS:Medicare recipients. CLABSI and readmission status were determined by linking N...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2015.115
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:We aimed to rigorously evaluate the impact of prospective audit and feedback on broad-spectrum antimicrobial use among critical care patients. DESIGN:Prospective, controlled interrupted time series. SETTING:Single tertiary care center with 3 intensive care units. PATIENTS AND INTERVENTIONS:A formal review ...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/664757
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infection control in British nursing homes is different from that in U.S. nursing homes in seveal ways. Most British nursing homes, for example, do not have a designated on-site infection control nurse, and several agencies are responsible for regulatory oversight. This article discusses the state of infection control...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/502198
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We found that a majority of hospitalized patients were aware of the importance of hand hygiene, but observations indicated that performance of hand hygiene was uncommon. An intervention in which healthcare personnel facilitated hand hygiene at specific moments significantly increased performance of hand hygiene by pat...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2015.78
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Storage cabinets for heat-sensitive endoscopes (SCHEs) are designed to store gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopes in a clean, dry and well-ventilated cupboard to prevent microbiological proliferation. The use of SCHEs in a GI endoscopy unit has significally reduced the rate of contaminated endoscopes (13.0% vs 45.0%, P<.0...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2015.139
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:OBJECTIVE Contaminated hands of healthcare workers (HCWs) are an important source of transmission of healthcare-associated infections. Alcohol-based hand sanitizers, while effective, do not provide sustained antimicrobial activity. The objective of this study was to compare the immediate and persistent activity of 2 h...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1017/ice.2017.293
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the rates of and risk factors for carriage and acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae during hospitalization. DESIGN:Cohort study. SETTING:Shaare Zedek Medical Center, a 550-bed teaching hospital. METHODS:During a 5-month period (February 1-June 30,...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/597505
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE: To report the results of a surveillance study on surgical site infections (SSIs) conducted by the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC). DESIGN: Cohort prospective multinational multicenter surveillance study. SETTING: Eighty-two hospitals of 66 cities in 30 countries (Argentina, Br...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1086/670626
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a cohort of inpatients with hematologic malignancy and positive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Clostridium difficile tests, we found that clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar between these groups. The method of testing is unlikely to predict infection in this population, a...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2018.83
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To estimate the level of hand or glove contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among healthcare workers (HCWs) who touch a patient colonized with VRE and/or the colonized patient's environment during routine care. DESIGN:Structured observational study. SETTING:Medical intensive care unit o...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/524331
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Group A streptococcus is an uncommon but important cause of nosocomial infections. Outbreaks of infection most often have occurred in surgical or obstetrical patients. We describe an outbreak of severe group A streptococcal infections that occurred on a medical unit of a community hospital. Within an 8-day period, thr...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/647335
更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The molecular epidemiology of pediatric Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is poorly understood. We aimed to identify the restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) groups causing CDI and to determine risk factors and outcomes associated with CDI caused by epidemic strains in children. DESIGN:Retrospective c...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1017/ice.2014.89
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study risk factors for the highly variable local colonization rates with unrelated Enterobacter species strains previously found in 22 Swedish neonatal units (0% to 32.4% of the infants). PATIENTS AND SETTING:The fecal Enterobacter species carriage rates among 953 infants in the 22 special-care neonatal u...
journal_title：Infection control and hospital epidemiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1086/646641
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
