Abstract：
:This paper presents the demographic changes that followed the transition from a hunting-gathering way of life (Natufian) to an agricultural, food-producing economy (Neolithic) in the southern Levant. The study is based on 217 Natufian (10,500-8,300 BC) skeletons and 262 Neolithic (8,300-5,500 BC) skeletons. Age and sex identification were carried out, and life tables were constructed. A five-parameter competing hazard model developed by Siler ([1979] Ecology 60:750-757) was used to smooth life-table data. No indication of increased mortality with the advent of agriculture was noted. On the contrary, both life expectancy at birth (24.6 vs. 25.5 years) and adults' mean age at death (31.2 vs. 32.1 years) increased slightly from the Natufian to the Neolithic period (assuming stationary populations). Yet the transition to agriculture affected males and females differently: mean age at death in the Natufian was higher for adult females compared to adult males, while in the Neolithic, it was the reverse. One interpretation given to the distribution of female ages at death is that with the onset of the Neolithic period, maternal mortality increased as a result of a concomitant increase in fertility. If the adoption of agriculture in the Levant increased the rate of population growth at the beginning of the Neolithic, expectation of life may have increased dramatically.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Eshed V,Gopher A,Gage TB,Hershkovitz Idoi
10.1002/ajpa.10332subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
315-29issue
4eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
124pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract：:Recently spatial autocorrelation has been employed to infer microevolutionary processes from patterns of genetic variation. In theory, different processes should show characteristic signature correlograms; e.g., clinal selection should produce correlograms decreasing from positive to negative autocorrelation, whereas ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330950403
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article examines the influence of nutritional status on the emergence of deciduous dentition in a cross-sectional sample of 510 rural Rajput children from the Jubbal and Kotkhai Tehsils, Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh, India. The nutritional status of each child was evaluated using Z-scores of height/supine le...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22041
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this paper, we present the academic genealogy of American field primatologists. The genealogy has been compiled to formally document the historical record of this young field. Data have been collected from three main sources: 1) e-mail surveys, 2) library and Internet research, and 3) verbal communication through f...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20532
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lactation is an energy demanding phase in the reproductive cycle of female mammals. For this reason, several studies have assessed the effects of lactation on female behavior. In this study we examine the influence of lactation on the time-budgets and foraging patterns of female black howlers (Alouatta pigra) in Campe...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21481
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Gilbert-McKern method for aging the female Os pubis has attained popularity following Gilbert's ('73) demonstration that the McKern-Stewart male standards are not directly applicable to females. In order to assess the reliability of the method, forensic anthropologists were asked to age a set of 11 pubes of known ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330510319
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:One-male social systems are usually characterized by polygyny and reproductive exclusion by a single resident male. Sometimes, however, secondary males join these groups, and this may carry fitness costs and/or benefits to the resident male. In hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas), which live in one...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.22804
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Human language represents an extreme form of communicative complexity. Primate facial display complexity, which depends upon facial mobility, can be used as a model for the study of the evolution of communicative complexity. The gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is the only primate that can produce a lip-flip ev...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dart's 1925 announcement of Australopithecus africanus (Dart: Nature 115 [1925] 195-199) was highly controversial, partly because of an interpretation of the Taung natural endocast that rested on an erroneous identification of the lambdoid suture as the lunate sulcus. Unpublished materials from the University of Witwa...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21184
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21078
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21370
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330500413
更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10150
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interpretations of skeletal anatomy claiming to show that Neandertals could not have had a similar supralaryngeal vocal apparatus to that of humans are demonstrated to be flawed. Correction of the errors suggests that the Neandertal vocal apparatus need not have differed from that of recent humans. ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330900202
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:New fossil hominid specimens from the Laetolili fossil locality in Tanzania are described. The material includes mandibles and teeth derived from reliably-dated deposits of Pliocene age. Preliminary descriptions, measurements and illustrations are presented. ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330460203
更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Sex is usually not estimated in skeletonized non-adult individuals because sexual dimorphism is considered minimal before puberty. In 2017, a new approach based on the shape of the auricular surface was proposed, showing that this anatomic area of the ilium is dimorphic. This study tests the reproducibility ...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.24012
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20622
更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330520404
更新日期：1980-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Blood groups in 2,935 Roms (Gypsies) of East Slovakia show the following frequencies of phenotypes and genes: A1A2BO phentopes: A1--32.91%, A2--2.42%, B--25.21%, O--30.15%, A1B--8.45%, A2B--0.85%, A1--0.2363, A2--0.0217, B--0.1929, O--0.5491. MN phenotypes: M--27.16%, MN--51.60%, N--21.23%, m--0.5297, n--0.4703. RH ph...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330450213
更新日期：1976-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Appeals to synapomorphic features of the wrist and hand in African apes, early hominins, and modern humans as evidence of knuckle-walking ancestry for the hominin lineage rely on accurate interpretations of those features as adaptations to knuckle-walking locomotion. Because Gorilla, Pan, and Homo share a relatively c...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.20192
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionary trends for dental reduction are presented for European Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic samples. The analysis demonstrates that the greatest decrease in tooth size occurs between the two divisions of the Upper Paleolithic, while little and insignificant change characterizes the Late Upper Paleolithic/Meso...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330460114
更新日期：1977-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies of primate diversity and evolution rely on dental morphology for insight into diet, behavior, and phylogenetic relationships. Consequently, variation in molar cusp size has increasingly become a phenotype of interest. In 2007 we published a quantitative genetic analysis of mandibular molar cusp size varia...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.21221
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330590409
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An investigation of body height and cephalic measurements was performed among five groups of first-year medical students of the University of Rijeka School of Medicine (Rijeka, Croatia). Body height and different cephalic measurements showed normal distribution, both in male and female students. Differences between me...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.10306
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We documented the spacing and distribution of perikymata on the buccal enamel surface of fossil hominin anterior teeth with reference to a sample of modern human and modern great ape teeth. A sample of 27 anterior teeth attributed to Australopithecus (5 to A. afarensis, 22 to A. africanus) and of 33 attributed to Para...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1116
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pliopithecid remains from the Spanish locality of Torrent de Febulines (Late Vallesian, MN 10), consisting of right and left mandibular fragments with partial tooth rows and an isolated P(3) probably belonging to the same individual, are described and assigned to Egarapithecus narcisoi gen. et sp. nov. (Pliopithecidae...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1043
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The relationship between diarrheal diseases and growth increments in total body length and weight was investigated in 716 rural Ladino Gautemalan children. Data on diarrheal diseases were provided by the mothers through retrospective surveys carried out at 14-day intervals. Increments in length and weight, semestral f...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330430307
更新日期：1975-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previous study of passive joint mobility in patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) showed that laboratory-caged animals had significantly greater mobility in most joints than age/sex matched free-ranging monkeys. Passive joint mobility on 27 of the same animals was measured 6 months after the caged animals were released...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330670102
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical studies of the relationship between developmental enamel defects and caries susceptibility have often produced conflicting results. This has been due in part to a failure to distinguish between different types of defects. Studies of this association in prehistoric populations have been rare. The complete deci...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330810105
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevailing research design for studying infant sleep erroneously assumes the species-wide normalcy of solitary nocturnal sleep rather than a social sleeping environment. In fact, current clinical perspectives on infant sleep, which are based exclusively on studies of solitary sleeping infants, may partly reflect c...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1330830307
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The new optical device Lipometer allows noninvasive, quick, and safe determination of the thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) layers (in mm) at any site of the human body. The specification of 15 evenly distributed body sites enables the precise measurement of subcutaneous body fat distribution, so-called s...
journal_title：American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajpa.1056
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
