Abstract:
:Dart's 1925 announcement of Australopithecus africanus (Dart: Nature 115 [1925] 195-199) was highly controversial, partly because of an interpretation of the Taung natural endocast that rested on an erroneous identification of the lambdoid suture as the lunate sulcus. Unpublished materials from the University of Witwatersrand Archives (Dart, unpublished material) reveal that Dart reacted to the controversy by: 1) describing and illustrating the entire sulcal pattern on the Taung endocast, in contrast to just two sulcal identifications in 1925, 2) identifying a hypothetical part of the lambdoid suture and revising his description of the lunate sulcus, and 3) bolstering his argument that Taung's brain was advanced by detailing expansions in three significant cortical association areas. Four unpublished illustrations of Dart's identifications for sulci and sutures on the Taung endocast are compared here with those published by Keith (Keith: New discoveries relating to the antiquity of man (1931)), Schepers (Schepers: The endocranial casts of the South African ape-men. In: Broom R, Schepers GWH, editors. The South African fossil ape-men; the Australopithecinae [1946] p 155-272), and Falk (Falk: Am J Phys Anthropol 53 [1980] 525-539), and the thorny issue of the location of the lunate sulcus is revisited in light of new information. Archival materials reveal that Dart believed that Taung's brain was reorganized globally rather than in a mosaic manner, and that the shapes of certain cortical association areas showed that Australopithecus was closer to Pithecanthropus than to the living apes. Although a few of Dart's hitherto-unpublished sulcal identifications, including his revision for the lunate sulcus, were questionable, his claim that the Taung endocast reproduced a shape that was advanced toward a human condition in its prefrontal cortex and caudally protruded occipital lobe was correct.
journal_name
Am J Phys Anthropoljournal_title
American journal of physical anthropologyauthors
Falk Ddoi
10.1002/ajpa.21184subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-01 00:00:00pages
49-65eissn
0002-9483issn
1096-8644journal_volume
140 Suppl 49pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章abstract::A group of Taiwan aborigines, the Toroko, was typed for 21 classical genetic loci. This is part of an ongoing program aimed at a comprehensive study of Taiwan aborigines. In this first paper a short summary of historical, archeological, and anthropological data in the literature is made, and results of the present sur...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330660310
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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abstract::Since its discovery in southeastern Uzbekistan in 1938, the Teshik-Tash child has been considered a Neandertal. Its affinity is important to studies of Late Pleistocene hominin growth and development as well as interpretations of the Central Asian Middle Paleolithic and the geographic distribution of Neandertals. A cl...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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abstract::Cross-sectional geometrical (CSG) properties of an Iron Age Samnite group from the Alfedena necropolis (Abruzzo, Italy, 2600-2400 B.P.) are compared with a Ligurian Neolithic sample (6000-5500 B.P.). In the period under examination, Samnites were organized in a tribal confederation led by patrilinear aristocracies, in...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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abstract:OBJECTIVES:A new tool for skeletal sex estimation based on measurements of the human os coxae is presented using skeletons from a metapopulation of identified adult individuals from twelve independent population samples. For reliable sex estimation, a posterior probability greater than 0.95 was considered to be the cla...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This paper addresses the prevalence and pattern of physical violence in the prehispanic society of Gran Canaria and discusses its link with the social structure and insular context in which that people lived. MATERIALS AND METHODS:347 prehispanic crania from Guayadeque Ravine (575-1415 AD) have been examine...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
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更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199604)99:4<585::AID-AJPA5
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal change in time spent for terrestrial behavior of chimpanzees was investigated from the viewpoint of the distribution of food and microclimate in the forest at Bossou, Guinea, West Africa. Daily and monthly data for activity budgets of three focal animals, climatic variables in the forest, and indices of fruit...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ajpa.10342
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent discovery of unexpectedly ancient human remains has fuelled interest about the first dispersion of Homo outside Africa. The Dmanisi mandible is perhaps one of the most interesting findings, as it supposedly represents one of the oldest hominids outside of Africa. Recently, different interpretations have bee...
journal_title:American journal of physical anthropology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199810)107:2<145::AID-AJPA
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00